Toward Welfare-Driven Regional Autonomy: Strengthening Public Services in Indonesia

Hariyanto Hariyanto; Surya Perdana; Mabarroh Azizah; Tedi Sudrajat; Muhammad Mutawalli Mukhlis; Hajar Salamah Salsabila Hariz

doi:10.23969/litigasi.v27i1.39515

Authors

Hariyanto Hariyanto Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin zuhri Purwokerto
Surya Perdana Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Mabarroh Azizah Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin zuhri Purwokerto
Tedi Sudrajat Faculty of Law, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
Muhammad Mutawalli Mukhlis Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Business Economics, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene
Hajar Salamah Salsabila Hariz Faculty of Law, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23969/litigasi.v27i1.39515

Keywords:

Digital Governance, Human Development Index, Public Services, Regional Autonomy, Welfare State

Abstract

Regional autonomy in Indonesia is meant to improve people’s welfare by delivering better public services. In practice, however, implementation is still hindered by overlapping and fragmented regulations, weak coordination among institutions, uneven regional capacity, and limited readiness to provide digital public services. This study examines how regional autonomy policies shape public service delivery, highlights normative legal obstacles that affect welfare-oriented services, and proposes a more future-ready policy model. Using a normative juridical approach, the research applies statutory, historical, conceptual, and comparative methods. Legal materials are analyzed through qualitative legal reasoning, while Human Development Index (HDI) data are used only to provide context about differences in regional welfare. The findings suggest that Indonesia’s public service regulation tends to follow a recurring pattern of “dispersed–codified–fragmented.” While Law No. 25 of 2009 provides codification for public service standards, subsequent sector-specific regulations often re-separate related issues into different legal regimes. This fragmentation, in turn, undermines service quality standards, weakens complaint and accountability pathways, blurs institutional responsibilities, and complicates digital-service governance. The study’s novelty lies in designing a Dynamic, Innovative, Collaborative, and Participatory (DIC-P) model that connects regional autonomy, public service regulation, and welfare outcomes within a single normative framework. The model emphasizes e-service delivery, structured public service innovation, inter-institutional collaboration, and citizen participation that is not only encouraged but also enforceable. Overall, the research concludes that welfare-oriented regional autonomy requires more than devolving authority. It also depends on coherent legal norms, integrated institutions, regulation that reflects varying regional capabilities, and accountable, reliable service delivery.

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