ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA MATERI ARITMETIKA SOSIAL KELAS VIII-1 SMPN 1 LINGSAR MENGGUNAKAN TEORI POLYA

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to describe how students make errors when solving word problems in social arithmetic using Polya's theory and to describe the factors causing students' errors in solving social arithmetic word problems for eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Lingsar. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using Polya's theory as the method. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, resulting in the selection of 22 students from class VIII-1. Data collection methods included providing essay tests and interviews on social arithmetic topics. The researcher selected two out of five predetermined criteria as the research subjects. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing stages.The research findings indicate that students make errors in the category of very high errors at each stage of Polya, which includes understanding the problem, planning, execution, and reviewing. In the high error category, students have not fully understood the second and third stages, which are planning and execution. In the category of moderate errors, students have not fully understood the first and third stages, which are understanding the problem and execution. Students with very low error levels can successfully follow each of Polya's steps. Overall, the students' errors in solving social arithmetic word problems fall into the very high error category. The majority of students do not state what is known and what is asked, struggle with planning and execution, make calculation mistakes, and do not know how to review their obtained results.