Correction and Retraction Policy

The Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Manajemen (JRBM) is committed to maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the scholarly record. When errors, ethical concerns, or misconduct are identified in a published article, JRBM takes appropriate corrective action in accordance with the COPE Retraction Guidelines and the journal's Publication Ethics Statement.

1. Types of Post-Publication Amendments

  • Erratum – a notice correcting a significant error introduced by the journal during editing, typesetting, or publication.
  • Corrigendum – a notice correcting a significant error made by the author(s) that affects the publication record, the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the authors or the journal, but does not invalidate the main findings.
  • Expression of Concern – a notice issued by the Editor when there are well-founded concerns about the reliability of an article or the conduct of the research, and an investigation is ongoing or inconclusive.
  • Retraction – the formal withdrawal of a published article when its findings or conclusions can no longer be relied upon, or when serious ethical violations have occurred.
  • Article Removal – in exceptional cases only (e.g., legal infringement, defamation, or a serious risk to health or privacy), the content of an article may be removed; the bibliographic metadata and a notice explaining the removal remain online.

2. Corrections

Minor errors that do not affect the content, interpretation, or reliability of an article (e.g., spelling or formatting) are generally not corrected through a formal notice. Significant errors in authorship, affiliations, data, figures, tables, or references are corrected through an Erratum or Corrigendum. Authors who discover a significant error in their published article should promptly notify the Editor-in-Chief and cooperate in correcting the record.

3. Grounds for Retraction

An article may be retracted when:

  • there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, whether as a result of misconduct (e.g., data fabrication or falsification) or honest error (e.g., calculation or experimental error);
  • the article constitutes plagiarism, including self-plagiarism;
  • the findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (redundant or duplicate publication);
  • the article contains material or data used without authorisation, or infringes copyright;
  • the research is unethical, or authorship has been manipulated;
  • the peer-review process has been compromised or manipulated;
  • the authors failed to disclose a major competing interest that would have unduly affected the interpretation of the work.

4. Procedure

  1. Concerns may be raised by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, or institutions by contacting the Editorial Office through the Contact page, stating the article title, DOI, and the specific concern with supporting evidence.
  2. The Editor-in-Chief reviews the concern and, where necessary, follows the relevant COPE flowcharts. The corresponding author is informed and given the opportunity to respond.
  3. The Editor may consult the reviewers, the Editorial Board, independent experts, or the authors' institution(s).
  4. The final decision on a correction, expression of concern, or retraction rests with the Editor-in-Chief. All authors are informed of the outcome.

5. Publication of Notices

  • Correction and retraction notices are published online and listed in the table of contents of a subsequent issue, with titles such as “Correction to: [article title]” or “Retraction: [article title]”.
  • Each notice states the reason for the amendment, identifies who initiated it, and is linked in both directions to the original article.
  • Retracted articles are not deleted. The original article remains accessible, and its PDF is clearly watermarked “RETRACTED”.
  • Article metadata, including DOI records where applicable, is updated to reflect the correction or retraction.

6. Withdrawal of Manuscripts by Authors

Authors may withdraw a manuscript before it is accepted by submitting a written request, signed by all authors, stating the reasons for withdrawal. Once an article has been accepted or published, it can no longer be withdrawn at the authors' request; any subsequent changes are handled only through the correction or retraction procedures described above.

7. Contact

Questions regarding this policy, or requests for corrections or retractions, should be directed to the Editor-in-Chief via the journal's Contact page.