This issue examines how legal norms for child protection and gender equality are implemented, interpreted, and enforced within Indonesian legal and administrative institutions. Moving beyond doctrinal analysis, the edition highlights the gap between the law on the books and the law in action, focusing on judicial practices, law enforcement discretion, social services, and governance mechanisms affecting children and women. Through empirical and normative contributions, this volume critically assesses institutional accountability, access to justice, and the effectiveness of legal protections for vulnerable groups in Indonesia.