ANCAMAN IUUF TERHADAP KEAMANAN MARITIM INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/paradigmapolistaat.v9i1.61903Keywords:
llegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing, keamanan maritim, sekuritisasi, Poros Maritim Dunia.Abstract
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IUUF) merupakan salah satu ancaman transnasional yang berdampak terhadap keamanan maritim Indonesia. Praktik ini tidak hanya menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi negara akibat hilangnya sumber daya perikanan, tetapi juga mengancam keberlanjutan ekosistem laut, kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir, serta efektivitas tata kelola maritim nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana praktik IUUF dikonstruksikan sebagai ancaman terhadap keamanan maritim Indonesia serta menjelaskan perubahan orientasi kebijakan pemerintah dalam penanganannya pada periode 2014–2025. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui studi kepustakaan. Data diperoleh dari dokumen pemerintah, laporan organisasi internasional, artikel ilmiah, regulasi, serta berbagai publikasi yang relevan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Teori Sekuritisasi yang dikembangkan oleh Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver, dan Jaap de Wilde untuk mengidentifikasi proses speech act, securitizing actors, referent object, dan extraordinary measures dalam kebijakan keamanan maritim Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada periode 2014–2019 pemerintah Indonesia berhasil melakukan sekuritisasi terhadap ancaman IUUF melalui kebijakan Poros Maritim Dunia dan strategi penegakan hukum yang memberikan efek gentar terhadap pelaku. Namun, pada periode 2020–2025 terjadi pergeseran menuju desekuritisasi yang ditandai dengan menurunnya prioritas keamanan maritim sehingga efektivitas penanggulangan IUUF ikut melemah. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa penguatan kembali agenda keamanan maritim melalui pendekatan sekuritisasi yang adaptif diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pemberantasan IUUF tanpa mengabaikan kerja sama regional dan internasional.
Downloads
References
Aryo, M. A., & Mahendra Wiswayana, W. (2020). Jurnal Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia Orientasi Baru Kebijakan di Laut oleh Pemerintah Indonesia: Pergeseran dari Deterensi ke Strategi Ekonomi (The New Maritime Policy Orientation of Indonesian Government: Shifting From Deterrence to Economic Strategy) Oleh.
Buzan, Barry., Wæver, Ole., & Wilde, J. de. (1998). Security : a new framework for analysis. Lynne Rienner Pub.
Chapsos, I., Koning, J., & Noortmann, M. (2019). Involving local fishing communities in policy making: Addressing Illegal fishing in Indonesia. Marine Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103708
Christensen, J. (2016). Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in historical perspective. In Perspectives on Oceans Past. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7496-3_8
FAO. (2001a). Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/en/
FAO. (2001b). International plan of action to prevent, deter, and eliminate illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FAO. (2020, June 7). IUU fishing is a great threat to sustainable fisheries. https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/IUU-fishing-is-a-great-threat-to-sustainable-fisheries/en
FAO. (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024. In The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd0683en
Food and Agriculture (FAO). (2026). What is IUU fishing? | Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/background/what-is-iuu-fishing/en/
Global Initiative. (2025). The Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Risk Index NOVEMBER 2025 THE ILLEGAL UNREPORTED AND UNREGULATED FISHING RISK INDEX-2025 The Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Risk index 2025 Update NOVEMBER 2025 THE ILLEGAL UNREPORTED AND UNREGULATED FISHING RISK INDEX-2025.
High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy, & Trudeau, J. (2020). Transformations for a sustainable ocean economy: A vision for protection, production and prosperity. 1–24. oceanpanel.org
Idris, M., & Jatmiko, B. P. (2019). Deretan Aturan di Era Susi yang Rencananya Dihapus Edhy Prabowo. Kompas.Com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2019/12/16/185100226/deretan-aturan-di-era-susi-yang-rencananya-dihapus-edhy-prabowo?page=all
Idris, M., & Jatmiko, B. P. (2020, January). Selama Jadi Menteri, Berapa Kapal China Ditenggelamkan Susi? https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/01/06/160600226/selama-jadi-menteri-berapa-kapal-china-ditenggelamkan-susi
[KKP] Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2018). SIDAKO | Data Kelautan. https://sidako.kkp.go.id/sidako/data-kelautan
[KKP] Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2022). ANALISIS DATA IKU KKP Rilis Data Kelautan dan Perikanan Triwulan II Tahun 2022.
Kriswaningsih, T. A. (2025). Kenapa Pemerintah Tidak Tenggelamkan Kapal Asing Ilegal Lagi? Dirjen PSDKP Beberkan Alasannya. https://www.kompas.tv/nasional/595312/kenapa-pemerintah-tidak-tenggelamkan-kapal-asing-ilegal-lagi-dirjen-psdkp-beberkan-alasannya?page=all#goog_rewarded
Mongabay. (2014). Wow.. Kerugian Akibat Illegal Fishing Kapal Asing Mencapai 20 Miliar USD Per Tahun. https://mongabay.co.id/2014/12/02/wow-kerugian-illegal-fishing-kapal-asing-mencapai-20-miliar-usd-per-tahun/
MUHAMAD, S. V. (2012). Illegal fishing di perairan indonesia: permasalahan dan upaya penanganannya secara bilateral di kawasan. Jurnal Ilegal Fishing, 3(Illegal Fishing Di Perairan Indonesia), 59–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi
Muhid, H. K., Christy, F., & Joniansyah. (2025, June). Kilas Balik Kasus Korupsi Benih Lobster Eks Menteri KKP Edhy Prabowo | tempo.co. Tempo.Co. https://www.tempo.co/hukum/kilas-balik-kasus-korupsi-benih-lobster-eks-menteri-kkp-edhy-prabowo-1705462
Nasirin, C., & Hermawan, D. (2017). Kontroversi Implementasi Kebijakan Penenggelaman Kapal Dalam Rangka Pemberantasan Illegal Fishing di Indonesia. Spirit Publik, 12(1), 9–24. www.nasional.sindonews.com
News, T. (2025). KKP Tangkap 1.149 Kapal Ilegal dalam Lima Tahun, Kerugian Negara Tembus Rp16 Triliun. https://towa.co.id/postingan/kkp-tangkap-1149-kapal-ilegal-dalam-lima-tahun-kerugian-negara-tembus-rp16-triliun
Permen KKP Nomor 56 Tahun 2014. (2014).
Picarelli, J. T., & Williams, P. D. (2008). Transnational Organized Crime. In Security Studies: An Introduction (pp. 453–466). Routledge.
Republik Indonesia. (2009). DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA dan PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA.
Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. (2014). pidato-presiden-ri-joko-widodo-pada-ktt-ke- 9 -asia-timur-di-nay-pyi-taw-myanmar- 13 -november- 2014 - setkab-go. https://setkab.go.id/pidato-presiden-ri-joko-widodo-pada-ktt-ke-9-asia-timur-di-nay-pyi-taw-myanmar-13-november-2014/
Steans, J., Pettiford, L., Diez, T., & El-Anis, I. (2010). An Introduction to International Relations Theory: Perspectives and Themes (3rd ed.). Pearson Education. www.pearsoned.co.uk
Williams, P. D. (2008). Security Studies: An Introduction (First). Routledge.
Yani, Y. M., & Montratama, I. (2018). Indonesia Sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia: Suatu Tinjauan Geopolitik. Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara, 5(2), 25–52. https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v5i2.356
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 ganda hutama, Muhandis Rajab
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Politik is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Copyright Notice
An author who publishes in Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Politik agrees to the following terms:
- Author retains the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with the acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- The author is permitted and encouraged to post his/her work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
Read more about the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
Privacy Statement
The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.
