MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS KEPEMIMPINAN INSTRUKSIONAL, KOLABORASI, DAN PERBAIKAN SEKOLAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Abstract

Educational management in primary schools increasingly requires principals to integrate instructional leadership, organizational management, teacher collaboration, evidence-informed decision making, equity, and staff well-being. This systematic literature review synthesizes recent international evidence on management practices that contribute to school quality at the primary education level. The review followed PRISMA 2020 reporting principles and focused on peer-reviewed reviews, meta-analyses, major research syntheses, and empirical studies published mainly between 2021 and 2026. Sources were identified through scholarly databases and publisher platforms using combinations of school leadership, educational management, primary school, instructional leadership, distributed leadership, school improvement, teacher collaboration, and well-being. The synthesis shows five interdependent domains of effective management: instructional leadership centered on teaching and learning; productive school climate and professional collaboration; distributed leadership and teacher agency; strategic management of people, time, data, and resources; and organizational conditions that protect teacher and leader well-being. Leadership effects on student outcomes are predominantly indirect, operating through teacher quality, collective efficacy, school climate, attendance, professional learning, and coherent use of resources. The review also indicates that management reforms are more effective when leadership development is sustained, context-sensitive, and connected to actual school improvement routines rather than isolated administrative training. For primary schools, an integrated management model is proposed in which principals align instructional priorities, collaborative structures, evidence use, resource allocation, and equity-oriented improvement. The findings provide a research-based framework for strengthening school management and for designing principal development, supervision, and school improvement policies.