IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SCIENTIFIC DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS PESERTA DIDIK SEKOLAH DASAR PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPAS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v11i03.67386Keywords:
Scientific Approach; Scientific Literacy; Ipas Learning; Elementary School; Systematic Literature Review.Abstract
Scientific literacy is one of the essential twenty-first-century competencies that enables students to understand scientific phenomena, make evidence-based decisions, and solve problems encountered in everyday life. Within the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, Integrated Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning is designed to foster scientific thinking through the scientific approach, which consists of observing, questioning, experimenting, reasoning, and communicating. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the scientific approach in IPAS learning as an effort to strengthen elementary school students' scientific literacy based on findings reported in previous studies. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Relevant articles published between 2021 and 2026 were retrieved from Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, and Garuda databases and selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies were analyzed thematically to identify patterns and research trends. The findings indicate that the consistent implementation of the scientific approach contributes positively to the development of students' scientific literacy by promoting active participation in scientific inquiry, critical thinking, problem-solving, and scientific data interpretation. The observing and experimenting stages strengthen conceptual understanding, whereas the reasoning and communicating stages enhance scientific argumentation and communication skills. Supporting factors include teachers' pedagogical competence, innovative learning media, contextual learning environments, and adequate educational facilities. Meanwhile, limited learning resources, low initial scientific literacy, and insufficient teacher understanding of scientific-based instruction remain significant challenges. Therefore, the scientific approach can be considered an effective instructional strategy for strengthening scientific literacy in elementary school IPAS learning.
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