BAHASA TABU DALAM MASYARAKAT GAYO DI KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v11i03.62927Keywords:
taboo language, euphemism, sociolinguistics, Gayo community, Central Aceh.Abstract
Taboo language is a linguistic phenomenon reflecting the close relationship between language, culture, and social norms within a society. This study aims to describe the forms and classifications of taboo language and to explain the social contexts of its use among the Gayo people in Central Aceh Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed. Data were gathered through listening, participatory observation, recording, and note-taking involving three native Gayo speakers from the Kute Panang, Ketol, and Kebayakan districts. Data analysis involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results identified 39 instances of taboo language, classified into six categories: taboos regarding personal names, animal names, body parts, disease names, specific words, and profanity. The use of taboo language is influenced by fear, politeness, comfort, and religious teachings. Furthermore, its usage is heavily influenced by social contexts, including age, kinship ties, social status, location, and the communicative situation. The Gayo community also employs euphemisms—a form of linguistic softening—to avoid uttering words considered taboo. The study demonstrates that taboo language continues to function as a mechanism for upholding social norms, linguistic politeness, and the cultural identity of the Gayo people, even though it is undergoing shifts due to social change and the evolution of the times.
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References
Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2020). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Culpeper, J., Haugh, M., & Kádár, D. Z. (2023). The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)Politeness. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2022). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (6th ed.). London: Routledge.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nasution, R. (2023). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Aceh: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya, 15(2), 85–97.
Putra, A., & Wulandari, S. (2022). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Jawa sebagai Alat Kontrol Sosial dan Penjaga Kesantunan. Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 10(1), 45–58.
Sari, D. (2021). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Linguistik Indonesia, 39(2), 120–132.
Yule, G. (2020). The Study of Language (7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2020). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Culpeper, J., Haugh, M., & Kádár, D. Z. (2023). The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)Politeness. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2022). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (6th ed.). London: Routledge.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nasution, R. (2023). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Aceh: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya, 15(2), 85–97.
Putra, A., & Wulandari, S. (2022). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Jawa sebagai Alat Kontrol Sosial dan Penjaga Kesantunan. Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 10(1), 45–58.
Sari, D. (2021). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Linguistik Indonesia, 39(2), 120–132.
Yule, G. (2020). The Study of Language (7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2020). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Culpeper, J., Haugh, M., & Kádár, D. Z. (2023). The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)Politeness. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2022). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (6th ed.). London: Routledge.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nasution, R. (2023). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Aceh: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya, 15(2), 85–97.
Putra, A., & Wulandari, S. (2022). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Jawa sebagai Alat Kontrol Sosial dan Penjaga Kesantunan. Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 10(1), 45–58.
Sari, D. (2021). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Linguistik Indonesia, 39(2), 120–132.
Yule, G. (2020). The Study of Language (7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2020). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Culpeper, J., Haugh, M., & Kádár, D. Z. (2023). The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)Politeness. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2022). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (6th ed.). London: Routledge.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nasution, R. (2023). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Aceh: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya, 15(2), 85–97.
Putra, A., & Wulandari, S. (2022). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Jawa sebagai Alat Kontrol Sosial dan Penjaga Kesantunan. Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 10(1), 45–58.
Sari, D. (2021). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Linguistik Indonesia, 39(2), 120–132.
Yule, G. (2020). The Study of Language (7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2020). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Culpeper, J., Haugh, M., & Kádár, D. Z. (2023). The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)Politeness. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2022). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (6th ed.). London: Routledge.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nasution, R. (2023). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Aceh: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya, 15(2), 85–97.
Putra, A., & Wulandari, S. (2022). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Jawa sebagai Alat Kontrol Sosial dan Penjaga Kesantunan. Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 10(1), 45–58.
Sari, D. (2021). Bahasa Tabu dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Jurnal Linguistik Indonesia, 39(2), 120–132.
Yule, G. (2020). The Study of Language (7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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