EPISTEMOLOGI DALAM FILSAFAT ILMU: Tinjauan Historis, Konseptual, Metodologis, dan Aliran-Aliran Pemikiran dalam Konteks Pendidikan Dasar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v11i02.53117Keywords:
Epistemology, philosophy of science, primary education, scientific method, schools of thoughtAbstract
This study aims to examine epistemology as a fundamental pillar in the philosophy of science, particularly within the context of primary education practice development. Four major dimensions are addressed comprehensively: the nature and position of epistemology in the structure of philosophy of science, a reconstruction of the history of knowledge from ancient civilizations to the postmodern era, the conceptualization of scientific knowledge along with the scientific method's procedures and structural hierarchy, and a critical mapping of epistemological schools from rationalism, empiricism, criticism, pragmatism, positivism, phenomenology, to constructivism. Unlike previous studies that tend to examine these dimensions separately, this research integrates them into a unified analytical framework relevant for primary education practitioners and policymakers. The method employed is a systematic literature review with a hermeneuticphilosophical approach. Findings reveal a significant gap in Indonesianlanguage literature concerning the application of epistemology in primary education contexts. This article contributes by offering an integrated epistemic framework as a guide for curriculum development and scientifically grounded instruction.
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