Distraksi Dopamin Digital Terhadap Kekhusyukan Sholat: Analisis Fenomenologis Pada Siswa Kelas XII Madrasah Aliyah

Abstract

This study investigates the psychological mechanisms linking social media use intensity with declining prayer (sholat) quality among Grade XII students of MA Bilingual Kota Batu. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight students selected based on Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scores and daily worship (yaumiyah) scores, participant observation, documentation, and netnographic observation. Analysis using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model identified four critical mechanisms: (1) digital habit normalization, where extreme usage duration is no longer perceived as problematic; (2) cognitive residue, the involuntary intrusion of digital content fragments that disrupts prayerful concentration (khusyu’); (3) prayer procrastination as a manifestation of value hierarchy displacement, where instant dopaminergic reward overrides spiritual obligation; and (4) digital withdrawal symptoms that supplant prayer’s spiritual coping function with digital escapism. Findings are theoretically validated through a synthesis of dopamine neuroscience, Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory, and Al-Attas’s ta’dib concept. The pesantren environment proved a significant protective factor through intensive counter-habit mechanisms. This study contributes by integrating neuropsychological perspectives into contemporary Islamic education discourse.