DARI SOCRATES KE CHATGPT: TRANSFORMASI ETIKA KEILMUAN DI ERA KECERDASAN BUATAN GENERATIF DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN TINGGI (2021–2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v11i02.50092Keywords:
academic ethics, generative AI, ChatGPT, academic integrity, guidance and counseling.Abstract
The emergence of generative AI, particularly ChatGPT since late 2022, has
triggered structural disruption to academic ethics in higher education. This study
maps the transformations in academic ethics during the generative AI era and their
implications for students, employing an analytical framework integrating educational
psychology and guidance and counseling. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and the PICOC framework via the
Scopus database. From an initial pool of 865 articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria.
Findings reveal five convergent dimensions of transformation: reconceptualization
of plagiarism (AI-giarism), normalization of AI-assisted academic misconduct,
erosion of epistemic ownership (digital centaur authorship), stratification of students'
moral reasoning, and structural asymmetry between technology adoption and
institutional governance. Analysis through the lenses of Kohlberg's moral
development theory, self-regulated learning, and cognitive dissonance
demonstrates that student behavior toward AI is shaped by the interplay of moral
reasoning, self-regulation, and cognitive tension. Adequate institutional responses
require the integration of policy, pedagogy, and psychological support through
strengthened guidance and counseling services to reconstruct the epistemic culture
of higher education in the AI era.
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