DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN PKN BERBASIS PRAKSIS KRITIS UNTUK MEMBENTUK KARAKTER DEMOKRATIS SISWA: KAJIAN SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR)

Abstract

This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA protocol on critical praxis-based Citizenship Education (PKn/Civics) learning design as a means to form students' democratic character. The objectives are: (1) to map the conceptualization of critical praxis in PKn learning; (2) to identify PKn learning design models and strategies proven effective in forming democratic character; and (3) to formulate pedagogical implications for PKn learning design development in Indonesia. Literature searches were conducted across Scopus, Google Scholar, and ERIC databases covering publications from 2015–2025. From 312 identified articles, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria after PRISMA screening. The findings reveal that: (1) critical praxis in PKn rests on the synthesis of critical consciousness, reflection, and transformative action; (2) critical praxis-based learning design encompasses four core components: real-problem orientation, emancipatory dialogue, critical reflection, and democratic action; (3) democratic character outcomes include deliberative competence, civic awareness, critical thinking, and active participation. This review recommends systematic integration of critical praxis approaches into Indonesia's PKn curriculum, supported by enhanced teacher capacity as dialogic facilitators.