THE PILLARS AND CONDITIONS OF MARRIAGE IN THE QUR'AN: AN INTERPRETATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE ISSUES OF FEMALE MARRIAGE GUARDIANS, INTER-RELIGIOUS MARRIAGES, AND MARRIAGE REGISTRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGAL REFORM IN INDONESIA

Abstract

This study examines the concept of marriage pillars and requirements in the Qur'an through a tafsir-based analysis, focusing on contemporary issues such as female guardianship (marriage guardian), interfaith marriage, and marriage registration within the context of legal reform in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative library research method with an integrative interpretative approach, combining maudhu'i (thematic), tahlili (analytical), and maqashidi (objectives of Islamic law) exegesis. The study finds that the Qur'an does not provide technical details of marriage requirements but establishes fundamental principles that frame marriage as a mitsāqan ghalīẓan (solemn covenant) with strong theological and moral dimensions. Classical and contemporary interpretations indicate that the pillars of marriage formulated by jurists are derived through ijtihad grounded in maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, particularly the protection of lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl) and dignity (ḥifẓ al-'ird). Furthermore, the analysis shows that the role of guardian is essentially protective rather than restrictive, interfaith marriage restrictions are rooted in safeguarding religious integrity, and marriage registration is recognized as maslahah murlahan to ensure legal certainty and protection of rights. Overall, the study highlights that Islamic family law demonstrates flexibility and relevance in responding to modern legal developments without compromising its foundational principles.