PLANT EMBRYOGENESIS: DEVELOPMENTAL AND GENOMIC PERSPECTIVES FROM MODEL TO CROP PLANTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v11i01.43476Keywords:
embryogenesis, embryo patterning, zygote genome activation, transcription factors, genomics, transcriptomicsAbstract
Embryonic development represents an important reproductive phase of sexually reproducing plant spe cies. The fusion of egg and sperm produces the plant zygote, a totipotent cell that, through cell division and cell identity specification in early embryogenesis, establishes the major cell lineages and tissues of the adult plant. The subsequent morphogenesis phase produces the full-sized embryo, while the late embryogenesis maturation process prepares the seed for dormancy and subsequent germination, ensuring continuation of the plant life cycle. In this review on embryogenesis, we compare the model eudi cot Arabidopsis thaliana with monocot crops, focusing on genome activation, paternal and maternal regu lation of early zygote development, and key organizers of patterning, such as auxin and WOX transcription factors. While the early stages of embryo development areapparently conserved among plant species, embryo maturation programs have diversified between eudicots and monocots. This diversification in crop species reflects the likely effects of domestication on seed quality traits that are determined during embryo maturation, and also assures seed germination in different environmental conditions. This review describes the most important features of embryonic development in plants, and the scope and applications of geno mics in plant embryo studies.
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