IMPLEMENTASI NILAI DEMOKRASI DALAM PELAJARAN PPKN DI SD: TINJAUAN LITERATUR

NILAI DEMOKRASI DALAM PELAJARAN PKN

Abstract

Democratic education plays a crucial role in shaping the character of citizens from an early age. At the elementary school level, Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) serves as a strategic tool for instilling democratic values ​​in students. This study aims to systematically analyze the application of democratic values ​​in PPKn learning in elementary schools, based on various published research findings. The research method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA steps. Data were obtained from relevant national and international journal articles through the Google Scholar and Garuda databases. The articles reviewed were selected using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study indicate that the democratic values ​​most frequently applied in Civics (PPKn) learning in elementary schools include deliberation, tolerance, freedom of expression, responsibility, and active student participation. These values ​​are implemented through various learning strategies, including group discussions, class deliberations, class leader elections, and problem-based learning. However, several obstacles remain, such as limited learning time and differences in students' understanding levels. Therefore, innovation in learning and the active role of teachers are needed to optimize the implementation of democratic education in PPKn learning in elementary schools.