A Systematic Scoping Review of Parasocial Relationships with Idols: Antecedents, Impacts, and Measurement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i04.37267Keywords:
Hubungan parasosial, idola, interaksi satu arahAbstract
Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan mensintesis literatur terkait hubungan parasosial (parasocial relationship/PSR) dengan idola, mengikuti pendekatan tinjauan pelingkupan (scoping review). Pencarian sistematis dilakukan pada lima database elektronik, yaitu Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, dan ProQuest. Studi-studi terpilih yang diterbitkan antara 2015–2025 dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi faktor pembentuk, dampak, intervensi, kerangka teori, dan instrumen pengukuran terkait PSR. Tinjauan ini mengikuti langkah-langkah yang meliputi perumusan pertanyaan penelitian, pencarian literatur yang luas, seleksi studi berdasarkan relevansi dan kelayakan, ekstraksi data, serta sintesis tematik. Dari 2.330 artikel awal, 20 studi primer memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara mendalam.
Hasil tematik menunjukkan bahwa PSR terbentuk melalui interaksi antara karakteristik idola, seperti kredibilitas, daya tarik, autentisitas, dan human-likeness, serta karakteristik penggemar, termasuk tingkat kesepian, kebutuhan dukungan sosial, dan gaya keterikatan cemas. Tinjauan ini menemukan bahwa PSR memiliki dampak ganda: dapat meningkatkan keterikatan emosional dan perilaku konsumtif penggemar, sekaligus memberikan dukungan psikologis dan eksplorasi identitas diri. Perkembangan media digital memperkuat fenomena ini, khususnya melalui idola virtual. Secara teoritis, PSR tetap berlandaskan Horton dan Wohl (1956), namun penelitian modern mengintegrasikan teori tambahan seperti social surrogacy, social comparison, dan Match-up Hypothesis. Tinjauan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan lintas disiplin dan pengembangan intervensi berbasis literasi emosional dan digital untuk mendukung hubungan penggemar–idola yang lebih sehat.
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