THE EFFECT OF SHORT-SESSION NEUROFEEDBACK THERAPY ON BRAIN WAVE ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH ADHD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i04.36152Keywords:
ADHD, Child, Neurofeedback, Sensorimotor Rhythm Sensor, Brainwaves.Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, and distractibility, with or without hyperactivity. According to the CDC, it was the most common mental health disorder among children aged 3-17 years, with a prevalence of 9.8% from 2016 to 2019. Over time, various therapeutic methods have been developed to treat ADHD patients, one of which is neurofeedback therapy. Neurofeedback (NFB) therapy, also known as Neurotherapy, is a type of biofeedback therapy that utilizes feedback from brain activity to optimize brain function in children with ADHD potentially. This study aims to determine the effects of short-session neurofeedback therapy on brainwaves in children with ADHD using the quasi-experimental method. Samples were obtained from medical records of SMR and Theta brainwave activity from the first and fifth sessions of neurofeedback therapy through simple random sampling. A sample size of 30 was calculated and analyzed using a paired sample T-test. The researcher decided to measure changes after 5 sessions because childhood is a very active period, and children have numerous activities, limiting their availability for therapy. It was found that after undergoing neurofeedback therapy for 5 sessions, there was a significant improvement in the patient's SMR wave activity compared to before therapy (p=0.004). However, there was no substantial change in the patient's Theta wave activity before and after the 5 neurofeedback therapy sessions (p = 0.178). The considerable increase in SMR waves indicates an improvement in the patient's ability to concentrate on specific tasks without being easily distracted.
Downloads
References
Mirnawati M, Amka A. Education for children with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
Arningsih AAD. The relationship between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in children and maternal depression in private schools in Denpasar [thesis]. Denpasar: Udayana University; 2016.
Cabral MDI, Liu S, Soares N. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, risk factors and evaluation in youth. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9(Suppl
Wahidah EY. Identification and psychotherapy for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) from the perspective of contemporary Islamic educational psychology. Millah J Rel Stud [Internet]. 2018 Mar 5 [cited 2024 Jul 7];17(2):297-318.
Nawal Et Mutawakilin. The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Training on Communication and Stress in Children with Autism at the Psychology Study Center, Master of Psychology, University of Medan Area [thesis]. Medan: University of Medan Area; 2020.
Rance M, Walsh C, Sukhodolsky DG, Pittman B, Qiu M, Kichuk SA, et al. Time course of clinical change following neurofeedback. Neuroimage. 2018;181:807–13. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.001.
Sugiyono. Quantitative, qualitative, and R&D research methods. Bandung: CV. Alfabeta; 2017.
Angelidis A, van der Does W, Schakel L, Putman P. Frontal EEG theta/beta ratio as an electrophysiological marker for attentional control and its test-retest reliability. Biol Psychol. 2016;121(Pt A):49–52. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.09.008.
van Atteveldt N, Janssen TWP, Davidesco I. Measuring brain waves in the classroom. Front Young Minds. 2020;8:96. doi:10.3389/frym.2020.00096.
Barry RJ, Johnstone SJ, Clarke AR. A review of electrophysiology in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. Event related potentials. doi:10.1016/S.
Lenartowicz A, Loo SK. Use of EEG to diagnose ADHD. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2014;16(11):498. doi:10.1007/s11920- 014-0498-0.
Campos da Paz VK, Garcia A, Campos da Paz Neto A, Tomaz C. SMR neurofeedback training facilitates working memory performance in healthy older adults: A behavioral and EEG study. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018;12:321. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00321.
Lim S, Yeo M, Yoon G. Comparison between concentration and immersion based on EEG analysis. Sensors (Basel). 2019;19(7):1669. doi:10.3390/s19071669.
Enriquez-Geppert S, Huster RJ, Herrmann CS. EEG-neurofeedback as a tool to modulate cognition and behavior: a review tutorial. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017;11:51. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00051.
Bouny P, Arsac LM, Pratviel Y, Boffet A, Touré Cuq E, Deschodt-Arsac V. A single session of SMR-neurofeedback training improves selective attention emerging from a dynamic structuring of brain–heart interplay. Brain Sci. 2022;12(6):794. doi:10.3390/brainsci12060794.
Marzbani H, Marateb HR, Mansourian M. Neurofeedback: a comprehensive review on system design, methodology and clinical applications. Basic Clin Neurosci.
Bocharov AV, Savostyanov AN, Slobodskaya HR, Tamozhnikov SS, Levin EA, Saprigyn AE, et al. Associations of hyperactivity and inattention scores with theta and beta oscillatory dynamics of EEG in stop-signal task in healthy children 7-10 years old. Biology. 2021;10(10):946. doi:10.3390/biology10100946.
Mohagheghi A, Amiri S, Moghaddasi Bonab N, Chalabianloo G, Noorazar SG, Tabatabaei SM, et al. A randomized trial comparing the efficacy of two neurofeedback protocols for treating clinical and cognitive symptoms of ADHD: theta suppression/beta enhancement and theta suppression/alpha enhancement. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3513281. doi:10.1155/2017/3513281.
Rance M, Walsh C, Sukhodolsky DG, Pittman B, Qiu M, Kichuk SA, et al. Time course of clinical change following neurofeedback. Neuroimage. 2018;181:807–13. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.001.
Sherlin L, Arns M, Lubar J, Heinrich H, Kerson C, Strehl U, et al. Neurofeedback and basic learning theory: implications for research and practice. J Neurother. 2011;15(4):292–304. doi:10.1080/10874208.2011.623089
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
