LITERATURE REVIEW: EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN FLASHCARD BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i04.36054Keywords:
project based learning, augmented reality, critical thinking, elementary scienceAbstract
The rapid advancement of educational technology in the 21st century has reshaped the paradigm of science learning in elementary schools, emphasizing the need for students to develop critical thinking, collaboration, and creativity. This literature review investigates the effectiveness of integrating the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model with Augmented Reality (AR)-based Flashcards to enhance elementary students’ critical thinking skills in Integrated Science (IPAS) education. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study analyzed publications from 2015–2025 sourced from reputable databases such as Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and SINTA. The data were examined through content analysis to identify key pedagogical themes, effectiveness, and research gaps regarding the integration of PjBL and AR in primary-level instruction. Findings reveal that AR-assisted PjBL significantly improves students’ conceptual understanding, engagement, motivation, and higher-order thinking skills by merging hands-on learning with visual and interactive experiences. Nevertheless, few empirical studies have simultaneously explored both approaches in the IPAS context. The review concludes that PjBL assisted by AR Flashcards holds substantial potential to enhance critical thinking, creativity, and scientific literacy among primary learners. Future research is recommended to conduct longitudinal and experimental studies to validate its long-term pedagogical effectiveness and scalability across diverse educational contexts.
Downloads
References
Andari, A. (2025). Enhancing critical thinking skills through project-based learning model in elementary social science learning. International Journal of Teaching, 2(1). https://ccg-edu.org/index.php/ijt/article/download/16/16/1300
Dewi, R. K., Atmojo, I. R. W., & Saputri, D. Y. (2025). Pengaruh penerapan model project-based learning berbantuan augmented reality terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas VI materi tata surya. Didaktika Dwija Indria. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/JDDI/article/view/98754
Facione, P. A. (2015). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight Assessment. https://www.insightassessment.com/wp-content/uploads/ia/pdf/whatwhy.pdf
Fromm, Y. M., & al., et. (2025). Best Practices for Conducting Systematic Reviews. Educational Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-025-09819-9
Ghamrawi, N., Shal, T., Ghamrawi, N. A. R., Abu-Tineh, A., & Alshaboul, Y. (2025). A step-by-step approach to systematic reviews in educational research. European Journal of Educational Research, 14(2), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.14.2.549
Imarida. (2024). Project-Based Learning in Elementary School: Enhancing Critical Thinking. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Dan Manajemen. https://ejournal.sembilanpemuda.id/index.php/jitim/article/view/910
Jiang, H., Zhu, D., Chugh, R., Turnbull, D., & Jin, W. (2025). Virtual reality and augmented reality-supported K–12 STEM learning: Trends, advantages and challenges. Education and Information Technologies, 30, 12827–12863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-1839-5
Kirana, C. R., Sopandi, W., Putri, F. S. D., & Istiqomah. (2025). Exploring the effectiveness of augmented reality as a science visualization tool for elementary students. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Elementary Education (Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 148–159).
Mandasari, A., Triwoelandari, R., & Alfaien, N. I. (2024). Implementation of project-based science learning on critical thinking skills of elementary school students. SPEKTRA: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Sains, 11(1). https://ojs.unsiq.ac.id/index.php/spektra/article/view/9246
Mulyani, A. Y. (2022). Pengembangan critical thinking dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia. DIAJAR: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 1(1), 100–105.
Oktavia, A., Aeni, A. N., & Ismail, A. (2024). The influence of augmented reality-based flashcards on the understanding of the concept of grade V students on the material of fauna diversity in Indonesia. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 11(2). https://www.ejournal.unma.ac.id/index.php/cp/article/view/13156
Peikos, G. (2024). What is the future of augmented reality in science education? Education Sciences, 14(5), 480. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/14/5/480
Putri, M. (2025). Analysis of flashcard needs based on augmented reality for enhancing students’ critical thinking skills in physics learning. Proceedings of SULE-IC 24. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/sule-ic-24/126010814
Ridwan, N., Khaerunnisa, K., & Patta, R. (2022). The effect of implementing a project-based learning model on primary school students’ critical thinking skills in science learning. Pinisi Journal of Education, 7(1). https://journal.unm.ac.id/index.php/PJE/article/view/1643
Santi, M. R., Amalia, S. N., & Oktaviani, R. T. (2024). Efektivitas penggunaan flashcard berbasis augmented reality materi ekosistem terhadap literasi sains kelas 5 SDN Bendo 01 Ponggok Blitar. PENDAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(3). https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/pendas/article/view/29745
Setiawan, A., Yunitasari, I., Pratiwi, D. J., Dela, Y. I., & Jatmiko, W. A. (2025). Developing augmented reality-based flashcards to enhance science literacy in elementary schools. Pedagogia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 17(1), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.55215/pedagogia.v17i1.49
Siswono, T. Y. E. (2018). Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa Indonesia dalam studi PISA dan TIMSS. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(2), 155–168.
Sulthon, I. K., Nuriman, N., & Handayani, R. D. (2024). Developing augmented reality-based interactive learning media to improve critical thinking skills of elementary school students. Jurnal Paedagogy, 12(1). https://e-journal3.undikma.ac.id/index.php/pedagogy/article/view/13901
Syawaludin, A., Gunarhadi, & Rintayati, P. (2019). Development of augmented reality-based interactive multimedia to improve critical thinking skills in science learning. International Journal of Instruction, 12(4), 331–344. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12421a
Wardani, I. S., & Fiorintina, E. (2023). Building critical thinking skills of 21st-century students through Problem Based Learning model. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (JPI), 12(3), 461–470. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v12i3.58789
Wibowo, W. S., Roektiningroem, E., Bastian, N., & Hudda, K. S. (2022). Development of project-based learning science module to improve critical thinking skills of junior high school students. Journal of Science Education Research, 2(2). https://journal.uny.ac.id/jser/article/view/22471
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
