Studi Kualitatif tentang Kendala dan Strategi Guru SD dalam Mengevaluasi Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Pendekatan Discovery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i04.34132Keywords:
discovery learning, Learning evaluation, elementary teachers, Evaluasi pembelajaran, Guru SDAbstract
ABSTRACT
This study aims to explore in depth the challenges and strategies of elementary school teachers in evaluating mathematics learning through the discovery approach. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The participants consisted of six classroom teachers (grades I–VI), six students as supporting informants, and the principal as an additional source. Data analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, including data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing.
The findings reveal several major challenges faced by teachers in evaluating discovery-based learning, such as limited time, difficulties in designing authentic assessment instruments, varying student abilities, and large class sizes. Students also frequently experienced confusion when dealing with complex problems and required gradual guidance. On the other hand, teachers employed adaptive strategies, including project-based assessments, portfolios, discovery worksheets, and a combination of formative and summative evaluations. Additional strategies involved group-based learning, the use of concrete media, scaffolding, and simple digital tools. School support in the form of training, learning facilities, and flexibility for teachers to innovate further enhanced the effectiveness of evaluation practices.
In conclusion, the success of evaluating discovery-based mathematics learning is highly influenced by teachers’ creativity in selecting appropriate strategies, institutional support, and students’ active engagement. The implications of this research are expected to contribute to the development of authentic assessment practices in elementary schools.
Keywords: Discovery Learning, Learning Evaluation, Elementary Teachers
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali secara mendalam kendala dan strategi guru sekolah dasar dalam mengevaluasi pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan discovery. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari enam guru kelas I–VI, enam siswa sebagai narasumber pendukung, serta kepala sekolah sebagai informan tambahan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru menghadapi beberapa kendala utama dalam mengevaluasi pembelajaran berbasis discovery, antara lain keterbatasan waktu, kesulitan menyusun instrumen evaluasi autentik, perbedaan kemampuan siswa, serta jumlah siswa yang relatif banyak dalam satu kelas. Siswa juga sering mengalami kebingungan ketika menghadapi soal kompleks dan membutuhkan bimbingan bertahap. Di sisi lain, guru berupaya mengembangkan strategi adaptif seperti penggunaan penilaian berbasis proyek mini, portofolio, lembar kerja penemuan, serta kombinasi evaluasi formatif dan sumatif. Strategi lain mencakup pembelajaran berbasis kelompok, penggunaan media konkret, scaffolding, serta pemanfaatan teknologi sederhana. Dukungan sekolah dalam bentuk pelatihan, penyediaan sarana pembelajaran, serta fleksibilitas bagi guru untuk berinovasi turut memperkuat efektivitas evaluasi.
Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan evaluasi pembelajaran matematika berbasis discovery sangat dipengaruhi oleh kreativitas guru dalam memilih strategi yang sesuai, dukungan institusi, serta keterlibatan aktif siswa. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan praktik evaluasi autentik di sekolah dasar.
Kata Kunci: Discovery Learning, Evaluasi Pembelajaran, Guru SD
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