Does ESG Disclosure or Size Which Matters to Profitability? Case of Banking Companies Listed on The Indonesian Capital Market
Keywords:
ESG , financial performance, banking, ROA, ROEAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure on the financial performance of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019–2023. This study uses a quantitative approach with the panel data regression method and the Random Effect Model (REM) model, and involves 14 banking companies that meet the ESG data criteria based on GRI standards. The dependent variables used are Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), while the independent variables consist of the combined ESG score and each component E, S, and G, with company size and leverage as control variables. The results of the study show that simultaneously ESG disclosure does not have a significant effect on ROA or ROE. However, partially, only the environmental component (E) shows a positive and significant effect on ROE. In contrast, the social and governance components do not show a significant effect. In addition, company size is proven to have a positive effect on financial performance, while leverage does not have a significant effect. These findings indicate that ESG has not fully become a determining factor in the financial performance of banking in Indonesia.Downloads
References
Afifah, F. P. N. (2024). Pengaruh Environmental, Social,and Governance (ESG) terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Indonesia Periode 2015-2022. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Alareeni, B. A., & Hamdan, A. (2020). ESG impact on performance of US S&P 500-listed firms. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(7), 1409–1428. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-06-2020-0258
Atan, R., Alam, M. M., Said, J., & Zamri, M. (2018). The Impacts of Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors on Firm Performance: Panel Study on Malaysian Companies. Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal, 29, 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-03-2017-0033
Ferli, O., Achsani, N. A., Andati, T., & Asiki, Z. (2023). Sustainable investment: Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. ResearchGate.
Buallay, A., Fadel, S., Alajmi, J., & Saudagaran, S. (2020). Sustainability reporting and bank performance after financial crisis: Evidence from developed and developing countries. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-04-2019-0040
Cecilia, L., Rizki, W., & Putri, E. (2025). Economics and Digital Business Review Pengaruh Kinerja Environmental , Social , Governance ( ESG ) Terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas Perusahaan dan Nilai Perusahaan ( Studi Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Dalam Indeks Indonesian Stock Exchange ESG Leaders Tahun 2020-. 6(1).
Dharmawati, T. et al. (2024). PENGARUH ESG (ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE) DAN KEPUTUSAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN. JURNAL ILMIAH EDUNOMIKA. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v8i2.12882
Eliwa, Y., Aboud, A., & Saleh, A. (2021). ESG practices and the cost of debt: Evidence from EU countries. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 79, 102097. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2019.102097
Ferli, O., Nelmida, N., Rahma, A. A., Shafira, D. E., & William, Y. (2022). Pengaruh CR, DER dan ROE Terhadap Harga aham pada Perusahaan Consumer Goods Periode 2018-2021. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 19(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.35384/jkp.v19i1.339
Giannopoulos, G., Fagernes, R. V. K., Elmarzouky, M., & Hossain, K. A. B. M. A. (2022). The ESG Disclosure and the Financial Performance of Norwegian Listed Firms. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/JRFM15060237
Hutagalung, S. A., & Hermi. (2023). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance, Environmental Social Governance, Dan Capital Structure Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(2), 3909–3918. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i2.18189
Junius, D., Adisurjo, A., Rijanto, A., & Adelina, Y. E. (2020). THE IMPACT OF ESG PERFORMANCE TO FIRM PERFORMANCE AND MARKET VALUE. Jurnal Aplikasi Akuntansi, 5, 21–41. https://doi.org/10.29303/jaa.v5i1.84
Kasmir. (2019). Analisis Laporan Keuangan (Edisi Pert). PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
Lim, W. M., Ciasullo, M., Douglas, A., & Kumar, S. (2022). Environmental social governance (ESG) and total quality management (TQM): a multi-study meta-systematic review. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2022.2048952
Naeem, N., Cankaya, S., & Bildik, R. (2022). Does ESG performance affect the financial performance of environmentally sensitive industries? A comparison between emerging and developed markets. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22, S128–S140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.11.014
Sandberg, H., Alnoor, A., & Tiberius, V. (2023). Environmental, social, and governance ratings and financial performance: Evidence from the European food industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(4), 2471–2489. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3259
Shaikh, I. (2021). Environmental, Social, and Governance (Esg) Practice and Firm Performance: an International Evidence. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 23(1), 218–237. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2022.16202
Velte, P. (2017). Does ESG performance have an impact on financial performance? Evidence from Germany. Journal of Global Responsibility, 8(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-11-2016-0029
Whitelock, V. G. (2015). Environmental social governance management: A theoretical perspective for the role of disclosure in the supply chain. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 18(4), 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2015.068477
Yatiningsih, N. F., & Chabachib, M. (2015). Analisis Pengaruh Bopo, Ldr, Npl, Size, Car Dan Nim Terhadap Roa). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 4, 1–10. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/dbr
Yoon, B., Lee, J., & Byun, R. (2018). Does ESG Performance Enhance Firm Value? Evidence from Korea. Sustainability, 10, 3635. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103635
Zhao, H., Wang, Q., Liu, C., Shang, Y., Wen, F., Wang, F., Liu, W., Xiao, W., & Li, W. (2018). A Role for the Respiratory Chain in Regulating Meiosis Initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics, 208(3), 1181–1194.
Gutiérrez-Ponce, H., & Wibowo, S. A. (2023). Do Sustainability Activities Affect the Financial Performance of Banks? The Case of Indonesian Banks. Sustainability, 15(8), 6892. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086892
Leonardo, N. A., & Ratmono, D. (2023). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Kinerja Keuangan dengan Kualitas Audit sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Aset (Akuntansi Riset), 15(1), 191–205.
Ferli, O., Achsani, N. A., Andati, T., & Asikin, Z. (n.d.). Sustainable investment: Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis.
Chairiri, A., & Ghozali, I. (2007). Teori Akuntansi. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 OIKOS: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Ilmu Ekonomi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.