THE CATEGORIZATION OF SOLUTIONS FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN CUSTOMARY LAND-USE CONFLICTS IN INDONESIA

Authors

  • Daniel Jesayanto Jaya State University of Yogyakarta
  • Retna Hidayah Yogyakarta State University
  • Diya Ul Akmal Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University
  • Anjulin Yonathan Kamlasi Yogyakarta State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23969/sampurasun.v7i1.3943

Keywords:

Agrarian Issues, Agrarian Policy, Conflict Resolution, Customary Land, Implementation Irregularities, Land-Use of Customary Land.

Abstract

Human need for land has influenced land use behavior and is an acute problem in many regions. Many areas have changed their original function in order to sustain human life, one of which causes forests to be converted into settlements, plantation and agricultural areas as well as mining areas. However, often the converted land is customary land in the form of forests and not a few that have long been disputed. In the era of independence, the government recognized that customary land belonged to the state. In its implementation, customary land is recognized by the government but its ownership rights are not. The indigenous people are only allowed to manage it. This study aims to categorize solutions that can be used in resolving land-use conflicts over customary lands. This study used the traditional review method with secondary data obtained from appropriate and relevant sources. Customary land is recognized in Indonesian law through UUPA No. 5 of 1960. The highest right to land owned or controlled by community members and its implementation is regulated by customary / village elders called ulayat rights, but provided that its existence and implementation still exist. In cases that occur in various countries, there are various kinds of implementation irregularities caused by excessive usage patterns or not according to the main purpose of their use. In Indonesia, irregularities in the implementation of the Law on indigenous peoples to manage their land are often found. Even some government policies are still detrimental to society. Therefore, in resolving customary land conflicts, one must look at various angles and see the history of disputed land, and can refer to several cases that have occurred in other countries. The categorization of land-use conflict solutions can be viewed from the point of view of the resolution process, the distribution of use of customary land use for indigenous peoples in conflict, what changes in land use have occurred according to procedures or not, mapping is needed to avoid vertical conflicts. and horizontally, and the involvement of the disputing parties, as well as based on ownership rights over customary land.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agheyisi, J. E. (2019). Inter-communal land conflicts in Benin City, Nigeria: Exploring the root causes in the context of customary land supply. Land Use Policy, 83, 532-542. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Alting, H. (2011). Penguasaan Tanah Masyarakat Hukum Adat (Suatu Kajian terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat Ternate). Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 11(1), 87-98. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Antonio, W., Griffith-Charles, C. (2019). Achieving Land Development Benefits on Customary/Communal Land. Land Use Policy 83:124-33. Retrieved February 27, 2020.

Amalia, M., & Malihah, E. )2016). Konflik Pembebasan Lahan Pembangunan Bendungan Jatigede di Desa Wado. SOSIETAS, 6(2). Retrieved March 10, 2020.

Asikin, Z. (2014). Penyelesaian Konflik Pertanahan Pada Kawasan Pariwisata Lombok (Studi Kasus Tanah Terlantar di Gili Trawangan Lombok). Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 14(2), 239-249. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Ben C, Gounder N. (2019). Property Rights: Principles of Customary Land and Urban Development in Fiji. Land use policy 87:104089. Retrieved February 27, 2020.

Busroh, F. F. (2017). Mediasi Sosial Dalam Menyelesaikan Konflik Lahan Milik Masyarakat Adat Di Indonesia. Lex Jurnalica, 14(1), 146053. Retrieved October 13, 2020.

Cieślak, I. (2019). Identification of areas exposed to land use conflict with the use of multiple-criteria decision-making methods. Land Use Policy, 89, 104225. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Citrawan, H. (2015). Problematika Hak Menentukan Nasib Sendiri: Mengurai Hubungan Antara Regulasi dan Konflik Sumber Daya Alam di Papua. Jurnal RechtsVinding. 4(2). 279-294. Retrieved March 24, 2021.

Corrales, L. M. G., Avila, H., & Gutierrez, R. R. (2019). Land-use and socioeconomic changes related to armed conflicts: A Colombian regional case study. Environmental Science & Policy, 97, 116-124. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Dahlan, M. (2018). Rekognisi Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Konstitusi. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 1(2). 187-217. Retrieved March 24, 2021

Dassir M. (2008). Resolusi Konflik Pemanfaatan Lahan Masyarakat dalam Kawasan Hutan di Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat. 3(1):8205. Retrieved September 27, 2020.

Deda AJ, Mofu SS. (2014). Masyarakat Hukum Adat dan Hak Ulayat di Provinsi Papua Barat sebagai Orang Asli Papua Ditinjau dari Sisi Adat dan Budaya: Sebuah Kajian Etnografi Kekinian. Jurnal administrasi publik. 11(2). Retrieved March 10, 2020.

Dijk, R. Van. Diterjemahkan oleh Soehardi, A. Pengantar Hukum Adat Indonesia. Penerbit Vorkink van Hoeve. Retrieved September 27, 2020.

Enaruvbe, G. O., Keculah, K. M., Atedhor, G. O., & Osewole, A. O. (2019). Armed conflict and mining induced land-use transition in northern Nimba County, Liberia. Global Ecology and Conservation, 17, e00597. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Faizal, L. (2017). Produk Hukum di Indonesia Perspektif Politik Hukum. Jurnal Asas. 9(1). 85-95. Retrieved March 24, 2021.

Fuad, F. H., & Maskanah, S. (2000). Inovasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan. Lembaga Alam Tropika Indonesia. Retrieved October 17, 2020.

Feola, G., Suzunaga, J., Soler, J., & Goodman, M. K. (2019). Ordinary land grabbing in peri-urban spaces: Land conflicts and governance in a small Colombian city. Geoforum, 105, 145-157. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Gwaleba, M. J., & Chigbu, U. E. (2020). Participation in property formation: Insights from land-use planning in an informal urban settlement in Tanzania. Land Use Policy, 92, 104482. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Hammar, R. K. R. (2009). Hak Ulayat Laut dalam Perspektif Otonomi Daerah di Kepulauan Kei dan Papua. Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 21(2), 311-323. Retrieved October 13, 2020.

Huang, C., Huang, X., Peng, C., Zhou, Z., Teng, M., & Wang, P. (2019). Land use/cover change in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China: Reconciling the land use conflicts between development and protection. Catena, 175, 388-399. Retrieved March 12, 2021.

Intan, D. G. (2011). Penyelesaian Konflik Pertanahan di Provinsi Lampung. Keadilan Progresif 2(2). Retrieved March 10, 2020.

Ismail, N. (2012). Arah politik hukum pertanahan dan perlindungan kepemilikan tanah masyarakat. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 1(1), 33-51. Retrieved October 15, 2020.

Ismi, H. (2012). Pengakuan Dan Perlindungan Hukum Hak Masyarakat Adat Atas Tanah Ulayat Dalam Upaya Pembaharuan Hukum Nasional. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 3(1). Retrieved October 13, 2020.

Jamaluddin et. all. (2016). Adat dan Hukum Adat Nagan Raya. Penerbit Unimal Press. Retrieved October 13, 2020.

Jayantiari, I. G. (2017). Eksistensi Tanah Adat di Bali dan Problematika Hukum dalam Pengembangan Investasi. Kertha Patrika. 39(2):108-99. Retrieved February 27, 2020.

Kalabamu, F. T. (2019). Land tenure reforms and persistence of land conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa–the case of Botswana. Land Use Policy, 81, 337-345. Retrieved March 14, 2021.

Kalalo, J. J. J. (2018). Politik Hukum Perlindungan Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Didaerah Perbatasan (Doctoral Dissertation, Universitas Hasanuddin). Retrieved March 10, 2020.

Kansanga, M. M., Arku, G., & Luginaah, I. (2019). Powers of exclusion and counter-exclusion: The political ecology of ethno-territorial customary land boundary conflicts in Ghana. Land Use Policy, 86, 12-22. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Kashwan, P. (2016). What explains the demand for collective forest rights amidst land use conflicts?. Journal of Environmental Management, 183, 657-666. Retrieved March 15, 2021.

Klümper F, Theesfeld I, Herzfeld T. (2018). Discrepancies between Paper and Practice in Policy Implementation: Tajikistan’s Property Rights and Customary Claims to Land and Water. Land Use Policy.75:327-39. Retrieved March 10, 2020.

Landholm, D. M., Pradhan, P., & Kropp, J. P. (2019). Diverging forest land use dynamics induced by armed conflict across the tropics. Global Environmental Change, 56, 86-94. Retrieved March 11, 2021.

Limbong, B. (2012). Konflik Pertanahan. Jakarta: Pustaka Margaretha. Retrieved March 12, 2021.

Lin, Q., Tan, S., Zhang, L., Wang, S., Wei, C., & Li, Y. (2018). Conflicts of land expropriation in China during 2006–2016: An overview and its spatio-temporal characteristics. Land Use Policy, 76, 246-251. Retrieved March 14, 2021.

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2012). Putusan Nomor 35/PUU-XI/2012. Retrieved October 20, 2020.

Ma, W., Jiang, G., Chen, Y., Qu, Y., Zhou, T., & Li, W. (2020). How feasible is regional integration for reconciling land use conflicts across the urban–rural interface? Evidence from Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei metropolitan region in China. Land Use Policy, 92, 104433. Retrieved March 13, 2021.

Madonna, E.A. (2019). Penerapan Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan di Indonesia, Jurnal Bina Hukum Lingkungan. Jurnal Bina Hukum Lingkungan. 3(2), 264-278. Retrieved March 23, 2021.

Mandowen, J. A. R. (2017). Konflik Pertanahan Antara Masyarakat Adat, Kepala Adat, dan Negara dalam Perluasan Tanah Bandar Udara Sentani di Kabupaten Jayapura (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Airlangga). Retrieved March 27, 2020.

Marina, I., & Dharmawan, A. H. (2011). Analisis Konflik Sumber Daya Hutan di Kawasan Konservasi. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 5(1). Retrieved February 27, 2020.

Milczarek-Andrzejewska, D., Zawalińska, K., & Czarnecki, A. (2018). Land-use conflicts and the common agricultural policy: evidence from Poland. Land Use Policy, 73, 423-433. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Mulyadi, T. (2010). Jual Beli Tanah Hak Ulayat dengan Pelepasan Adat sebagai Syarat Pendaftaran Tanah pada Suku Tobatdji Enj’ros di Kota Jayapura Papua (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Diponegoro). Retrieved March 27, 2020.

Nasution, A. S. (2015). Analisis Yuridis Penguasaan Tanah Masyarakat Hukum Adat Kecamatan Simangambat Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 35/Ppu-x/2012. PREMISE LAW JURNAL, 2. Retrieved October 17, 2020.

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (1960). Undang Undang No. 5 tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria. Gunung Lawu. Retrieved March 27, 2020.

Perdana, D. I., Tulis, R. S., & Adiwijaya, S. (2019). Hinting Pali: Resolusi Konflik Masyarakat Adat Dayak Dalam Konflik Sengketa Tanah di Wilayah Kabupaten Katingan Kalimantan Tengah. IKRA-ITH HUMANIORA: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(2), 95-102. Retrieved May 15, 2020.

Petrescu-Mag, R. M., Petrescu, D. C., Azadi, H., & Petrescu-Mag, I. V. (2018). Agricultural land use conflict management—Vulnerabilities, law restrictions and negotiation frames. A wake-up call. Land Use Policy, 76, 600-610. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Putuhena, M. Ilham F. (2013). Politik Hukum Perundang-Undangan: Mempertegas Reformasi Legislasi yang Progresif. Jurnal Rechtsvinding, 2(3). 375-395. Retrieved May 15, 2020.

Rahardjo, S. (2009). Hukum dan Perilaku; Hidup Baik adalah dasar Hukum yang Baik. Penerbit Buku Kompas. Retrieved March 23, 2020.

Rembrandt. (2017). Kedudukan Hak Ulayat Dalam Status Kawasan Lindung di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Bina Hukum Lingkungan. 1(2). 249-263. Retrieved March 23, 2020.

Republic of the Philippines. (1997). Republic Act No. 8371. The Indigenous People’s Rights Act of 1997. Retrieved October 17, 2020.

Rosmidah R. (2010). Pengakuan Hukum Terhadap Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat dan Hambatan Implementasinya. INOVATIF Jurnal Ilmu Hukum. 2(4). Retrieved October 17, 2020.

Rugadya, M. A. (2020). Land tenure as a cause of tensions and driver of conflict among mining communities in Karamoja, Uganda: Is secure property rights a solution?. Land Use Policy, 94, 104495. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Safitri N. (2012) Masalah Sosial dan Konflik Masyarakat Adat Papua dengan PT Freeport Indonesia. PERSPEKTIF 1(1). Retrieved August 18, 2020.

Sahide, M. A. K., & Giessen, L. (2015). The fragmented land use administration in Indonesia–Analysing bureaucratic responsibilities influencing tropical rainforest transformation systems. Land Use Policy, 43, 96-110. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Santoso, U. (2013). Hukum Agraria, Kajian Komprehensif. Kencana Prenada Media Group. Retrieved March 24, 2021.

Suharyo. (2019). Perlindungan Hukum Pertanahan Adat di Papua Dalam Negara Kesejahteraan. Jurnal RechtsVinding. 8(3). 461-476. Retrieved March 24, 2021.

Sumardjono, M. S. (2006). Kebijakan Pertanahan: Antara Regulasi dan Implementasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

Tohari, A. (2013). Land Grabbing dan Potensi Internal Displacement Person (IDP) Dalam Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE) di Papua. Jurnal Bhumi. 37(12), 49-62. Retrieved March 24, 2021.

Verbist, B., & Pasya, G. (2004). Perspektif Sejarah Status Kawasan Hutan, Konflik dan Negosiasi di Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat-Propinsi Lampung. Agrivita, 26(1), 52-57. Retrieved May 15, 2020.

Wahyu, A. S., & Kiptiah, M. (2016). Identifikasi Konflik Perebutan Tanah Adat di Daerah Lahan Basah Kabupaten Banjar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 1(1), 1-6. Retrieved May 15, 2020.

Wijaya, A. I., Permadi, I., & Safi’i, I. R. (2018). Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Ulayat pada Proyek Pembangunan Jalan di Papua Barat (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Sorong Papua Barat). Jatiswara, 33(3), 313-330. Retrieved May 15, 2020.

Windari RA. (2010). Dilema Hukum Penyertifikatan Tanah Ayahan Desa di Bali (Studi Kasus Konflik Adat Tanah Ayahan Desa di Desa Adat Panglipuran). Jurnal Ika 8(2). Retrieved May 15, 2020.

Yarsina, N. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tanah Ulayat Yang Telah Bersertifikat Di Kota Bukittinggi. JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum), 3(2), 166-177. Retrieved May 15, 2020.

Yoatili, R. (2015). Implementasi Politik Hukum Perdasus Nomor 23 Tahun 2008 Tentang Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Papua Dalam Hukum Tanah Nasional. Repertorium. Retrieved October 15, 2020.

Yulia. (2016). Buku Ajar Hukum Adat. Penerbit Unimal Press. Retrieved October 16, 2020.

Zou, L., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Yang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2019). Land use conflict identification and sustainable development scenario simulation on China's southeast coast. Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117899. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-29