2026-04-04T23:52:20Z https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/oai

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/263 2025-05-09T15:58:04Z litigasi:ART

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/1789 2021-01-21T22:18:49Z litigasi:ART

REFORMULASI KEBIJAKAN PERTAMBANGAN ATAS KEWENANGAN DAERAH REFORMULASI KEBIJAKAN PERTAMBANGAN ATAS KEWENANGAN DAERAH Prianto, Yuwono Rasji, Rasji Djaja, Benny Gazali, Narumi Bungas   This study of natural resource management under the Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution is more motivated by economic justice where the management of natural resource always ignores the environmental aspects as such that the state fails to protect the community. The state should significantly increase the prosperity and welfare of the people. Environmental aspects become the last criteria in promulgating economic policies and production processes at macro and micro scale in the mining sector. The existence of PETI is generated by internal and external triggering factors. Community believes that mining commodities in the surrounding area can stimulate prosperity while the quality of human resources is generally low and financial capacity is limited. This eventually triggered the emergence of illegal people's mining practices. Technical requirements for granting IPR mentioned in the  Article 48 Paragraph 2 letter b of Governmental Regulation  No. 23, 2010 is difficult to meet by community miners. Under Article 9 Paragraph (3) jis Article 11 Paragraph (1), Article 13 Paragraph (3) letter (e) of Law No. 23, 2014 regarding Regional Government, energy and mineral resource issues is included in concurrent Administration affairs. Central Government, in passing its policy should consider local wisdom while paying attention to national interests. Keyword : Mining, People, Policy.   Kajian terhadap penglolaan sumber daya alam menurut Pasal 33 UUD 1945 lebih bermotif keadilan ekonomi dan selalu mengesampingkan aspek lingkungan sehingga negara gagal dalam melindungi masyarakat. Seharusnya negara secara nyata meningkatkan kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Aspek lingkungan menjadi kriteria terakhir dalam penentuan kebijakan ekonomi dan proses produksi dalam skala makro dan mikro dalam sektor pertambangan.  Eksistensi PETI disebabkan oleh faktor pemicu baik internal maupun eksternal. Masyarakat menilai komoditas tambang di sekitar wilayahnya dapat diusahakan guna memberikan kesejahteraan bagi meraka, sementara kualitas sumber daya manusia secara umum terbilang rendah dan kemampuan finansial terbatas. Hal tersebut pada akhirnya menjadi pemicu munculnya praktek-praktek pertambangan rakyat illegal. Syarat-syarat teknis pemberian IPR pada Pasal 48 Ayat 2 huruf b  PP No. 23 Tahun 2010 sulit dipenuhi oleh penambang rakyat. Menurut ketentuan pasal Pasal 9 Ayat (3) jis Pasal 11 Ayat (1), Pasal 13 Ayat (3) huruf (e), UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, persoalan energi dan sumber daya mineral termasuk urusan Pemerintahan konkuren.Pemerintah Pusat dalam membentuk kebijakan harus memperhatikan kearifan lokal dan sebaliknya Daerah ketika membentuk kebijakan Daerah baik dalam bentuk Perda maupun kebijakan lainnya hendaknya juga memperhatikan kepentingan nasional. Kata Kunci : Kebijakan, Pertambangan, Rakyat. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-07-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/1789 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1.1789 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020); 1-29 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/1789/1314 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/2090 2021-01-21T22:18:49Z litigasi:ART

MENGIDENTIFIKASI DAMPAK EKSTRADISI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA MENGIDENTIFIKASI DAMPAK EKSTRADISI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA Christianto, Alvon   Extradition is one of the measures undertaken to demonstrate the ability of a country to optimize law enforcement upon the citizen committing criminal offense. Some issues in extradition discussed are (1) no arrangement (i) no arrangement regarding the deadline required to complete an extradition process, (ii) the extradition process in Indonesia has failed to reflect the government's intention to optimize law enforcement measures. To note, optimal law enforcement activities will provide a state of political stability, prevent economic decline and or unstable circumstances, and the main objective is to maximize social welfare. The author used normative juridical methods of research conducted by using the data and information contained in the legislation and literature. The conclusion was drawn deductively using coherent criterium of truth. By dissecting the rules on extradition of which is the basis of the promulgation of the extradition law, it is expected to create a regulation that prioritizes the welfare of the people of Indonesia. In addition, in conducting extradition, Government should be stricts, but maintaining a good bargaining position beneficial for its side. Keyword: extradition, national economy, economic optimisation. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-07-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2090 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1.2090 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020); 30-59 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2090/1315 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/2217 2021-01-21T22:18:49Z litigasi:ART

PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS DALAM KONTEKS SHARING ECONOMY DI ERA DISRUPSI DIGITAL Mayana, Ranti Fauza Santika, Tisni   It is such an irony that Indonesia, as one of the biggest archipelagic countries blessed with unique and vary geographical conditions along with great potential to develop high quality product combined with creativity, social and cultural factors, remains in struggle to formulate and develop local creativity and collectivity as the people’s economy pillars with significant benefits. In accordance with those facts, this research aimed to provide critical conceptual ideas for Geographical Indications utilization as the part of intellectual property rooted from locality but has been internationally accepted. The findings showed that Geographical Indication products posses utter potential to play the determinant role in creating trickle-down effect and bottom-up economic development instrument through the sharing of economic framework. Furthermore, digital disruption era offers an effective platform for product development and promotion in a collaborative space in generating income, creating job vacancy, poverty elevation, community empowerment and development.   Keywords: Geographical Indications, Sharing Economy, Digital Disruption.   Merupakan suatu ironi bahwa Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara kepulauan terbesar dengan kondisi alam yang unik dan beragam serta memiliki potensi besar untuk mengembangkan produk berkualitas tinggi yang dikombinasikan dengan kreativitas serta faktor sosial dan budaya, hingga saat ini masih berjuang keras untuk membentuk kerangka ekonomi berbasis kreativitas dan kolektivitas lokal sebagai pilar ekonomi kerakyatan yang menghasilkan keuntungan signifikan. Terkait dengan fakta tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis pemanfaatan Indikasi Geografis sebagai bagian dari kekayaan intelektual yang merupakan sebuah rezim perlindungan produk yang berakar pada lokalitas namun telah secara luas diterima dalam skala internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk Indikasi Geografis memiliki korelasi sangat kuat dengan pembangunan kemandirian ekonomi lokal dan memiliki potensi untuk berperan sebagai instrumen trickle – down effect sekaligus bottom up economic development dalam kerangka sharing economy. Lebih jauh, era disrupsi digital menawarkan platform pengembangan dan promosi produk, penciptaan kolaborasi ekonomi yang efektif sebagai sumber pendapatan, membuka lapangan pekerjaan, pengentasan kemiskinan, peningkatan taraf hidup dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Indikasi Geografis, Sharing Economy, Disrupsi Digital. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-07-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2217 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1.2217 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020); 128-146 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2217/1320 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/2388 2021-01-21T22:18:49Z litigasi:ART

PERANAN ILMU DIGITAL FORENSIK TERHADAP PENYIDIKAN KASUS PERETASAN WEBSITE Rachmie, Synthiana   Digital forensic is part of  forensic science being used for investigation and cases inquiry in terms of digital data finding. This research focused on understanding the application of investigator’s expertise on digital forensic to support identification process of a case to obtain evidence in a relatively fast and precise time and to reveal the motive and mens rea behind the act of the offender. Conceptual approach was used in this research alongside the case approach. The findings showed that digital forensic science has been applied by investigators however it cannot be maximal for it also depends on what case the investigator is working on. In the case of website hacking, investigator used internet/network forensic through surveillance and collecting evidence as leads. It is suggested that every investigator should learn and master digital forensic science to support their expertise and other non-legal knowledge and it is vital to provide sufficient facilities and infrastructures to obtain a comprehensive investigation. Keywords : Digital Forensic, Web Hacking, Investigation.   Digital forensik merupakan bagian ilmu  forensik yang digunakan untuk penyelidikan dan penyidikan suatu perkara dalam investigasi materi (data) yang dan penemuan konten perangkat digital. Fokus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan ilmu digital forensik yang dilakukan oleh penyidik dalam mendukung proses identifikasi suatu perkara untuk mencari alat bukti dengan waktu yang relatif cepat dan tepat, serta mengungkapkan alasan dan motivitasi atas tindakan yang dilakukan oleh pelaku. Metode penelitian dalam artikel ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dan menggunakan metode pendekatan kasus (case approach) serta metode pendekatan konseptual. Pada penelitian ini, penerapan ilmu digital forensik telah dilakukan oleh penyidik namun belum dapat diterapkan secara maksimal serta dalam pelaksanaannya penerapan ilmu digital forensik juga dipengaruhi oleh jenis kasus yang ditangani oleh penyidik. Dalam hal tindak pidana peretasan website, penyidik melakukan investigasi melalui penerapan ilmu jaringan/internet forensik yang dilakukan melalui pengamatan dan mengumpulkan bukti-bukti sebagai petunjuk dalam suatu jaringan/internet yang diretas oleh pelaku. Sebaiknya ilmu digital forensik dapat dikuasai dan dipelajari secara mendalam oleh setiap penyidik yang memiliki kewenangan dalam melakukan proses investigasi sebagai penunjang ilmu pengetahuan lainnya selain ilmu hukum yang tentunya telah dikuasai dan pentingnya sarana prasarana yang memadai demi terciptanya investigasi yang komprehensif. Kata Kunci: Digital Forensik, Peretasan Website, Investigasi. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-07-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2388 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1.2388 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020); 104-127 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2388/1318 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/2394 2021-01-21T22:18:49Z litigasi:ART

EKSISTENSI PIDANA MATI DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA (KAJIAN TERHADAP PIDANA MATI DALAM RUU KUHP) Ludiana, Tia   A number of criminal laws in Indonesia impose capital punishment including the KUHP. Death penalty has raised pros and cons in its imposement while countries around the world has abolished the penalty. Indonesia, however, seems to keep this provision applies as seen in the articles of the RUU KUHP that imposes capital punishment even though it is slightly different in nature from what is in KUHP. This writing aimed to learn about the existence of the capital punishment through its development from it is in the KUHP and in RUU KUHP. The findings of this research showed that death penalty regulated in the KUHP is punishment for major crimes while in RUU KUHP it is specified for crimes with alternative enforcement. The capital punishment, therefore will remain imposed by Indonesian authority even though the future application will be different. Keywords : KUHP, Death Penalty, RUU KUHP.   Sejumlah aturan hukum pidana di Indonesia terdapat pidana mati di dalamnya, termasuk dalam KUHP, pidana mati menuai pro dan kontra dalam penerapannya, banyak negara-negara di dunia sudah tidak lagi mempertahankan pidana mati, namun Indonesia sendiri masih akan mempertahankan pidana mati terlihat dari RUU KUHP yang memuat pidana mati meskipun secara sifatnya berbeda dengan yang ada di dalam KUHP. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui eksistensi pidana mati melalui perkembangan bagaimana pengaturan pidana mati yg ada di KUHP dan di RUU KUHP. Hasil penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah bahwa pidana mati di dalam KUHP memiliki sifat sebagai pidana pokok, namun di dalam RUU KUHP sebagai pidana khusus atau pidana yang diancamkan secara alternatif. Sehingga dalam eksistensinya pidana mati akan tetap dipertahankan oleh Indonesia meskipun di masa yang akan datang pelaksanaannya akan berbeda antara KUHP dan RUU KUHP. Kata Kunci : KUHP, Pidana Mati, RUU KUHP. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-07-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2394 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1.2394 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020); 60-79 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2394/1316 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/2447 2021-01-21T22:18:49Z litigasi:ART

MENDESAIN HUBUNGAN KABINET DENGAN GUBERNUR DALAM SISTEM PRESIDENSIAL INDONESIA MENDESAIN HUBUNGAN KABINET DENGAN GUBERNUR DALAM SISTEM PRESIDENSIAL INDONESIA Jayuska, Rizki   Article 4 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution concerning the President of the Republic of Indonesia holds governmental authority under the Constitution. However, Governor elected sometimes set up policies ultra vires for they thought that they held legitimacy to exercise the power from their consituents. Poor coordination between Cabinet and the Governor and program mismatched implicated in bad development program and public service in the region. President, in the context of presidentialism, is the apex of hierarchy. The Cabinet must be loyal to the president not to other patrons. Proposal to grant a ministerial power level of position and role to the Governor or to provide seats for Governor and Deputy Governor at the cabinet meeting is worth a consideration. In addition to lessen the miscommunication with the Cabinet, it is also to ease the works of the Cabinet in the regions. Governor and the Cabinet would have a good relationship whenever the program and policy of the Cabinet are transparently conveyed to all governors and when people are also informed. Participation should be developed on the ground of freedom of speech. Therefore, the decision-making process in the Cabinet that was formerly hierarchical will shift to the process involving the entire people of Indonesia. Certainly, the mechanism of this participation would be easier if the representative of the governor or the Governer seats in the Cabinet and vice versa. Keywords: Cabinet, governor, president, presidential system.   Pasal 4 ayat 1 UUD 1945 menyebutkan Presiden Republik Indonesia memegang kekuasaan pemerintahan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar. Namun, terkadang Gubernur menetapkan kebijakan-kebijakan diluar wewenangnya dikarenakan merasa sudah mendapat legitimasi dari rakyat di daerahnya, serta minimnya koordinasi kabinet dengan gubernur, serta ketidakselarasan program berimplikasi terhadap buruknya pembangunan dan pelayanan publik di daerah. Presiden dalam konteks presidensialisme berada dipuncak hierarki otoritas pemerintah. Kabinet wajib loyal pada presiden bukan pada patron lainnya. Ihwal usul untuk memberi kedudukan dan peran gubernur setingkat menteri atau memberikan gubernur dan/atau wakilnya menempati posisi pada rapat kabinet layak dipertimbangkan. Selain mengurangi miss communication dengan kabinet, hal ini tentunya juga melancarkan kerja-kerja anggota kabinet di daerah. Hubungan gubernur dan kabinet akan menjadi harmonis bila program dan kebijakan kabinet dipaparkan secara transparan dimana seluruh gubernur dan masyarakat mengetahuinya. Partisipasi mesti dibangun atas dasar kebebasan berbicara yang membangun. Sehingga proses pengambilan keputusan dikabinet yang selama ini hirarkis akan menjadi keputusan yang melibatkan seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Tentu mekanisme pelaksanaan partisipasi ini akan lebih mudah jika perwakilan gubernur atau gubernur ada didalam cabinet dan berlaku sebaliknya perwakilan pemerintahan pusat ada di daerah. Kata kunci: Kabinet, gubernur, presiden, sistem presidensial Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-07-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2447 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1.2447 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020); 80-103 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2447/1317 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/2878 2026-01-19T15:20:51Z litigasi:ART

PERBANDINGAN HUKUM PENGAMBILALIHAN PERUSAHAAN MENURUT HUKUM PASAR MODAL INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT PERBANDINGAN HUKUM PENGAMBILALIHAN PERUSAHAAN MENURUT HUKUM PASAR MODAL INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT Wicaksono, Raden Mas Try Ananto Djoko   This article discusses capital market law in gathering expertise in Indonesia and the United States (US) as well as legal protection for stakeholders related to the process of gaining expertise. In this study a method use a comparative approach that is descriptive in nature. The results of the research conducted show that there are some similarities in the implementation of tenders between Indonesia and the US, but there are some differences, such as the procedures for protecting the stakeholders related to the process of making expertise. Keywords: Capital Market Law, Company Expertise Taking, Public Company, United States Law, Business Law.   Peraturan yang mengikuti perkembangan zaman dalam konteks liberalisasi ekonomi dapat dilaksanakan sebagai upaya perluasan usaha. Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan ketentuan hukum pasar modal dalam pengambilahlian perusahaan di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat (AS) serta perlindungan hukum bagi pihak berkepentingan terkait dengan proses pengambilahlian. Tujuan perbandingan hukum tidak semata-mata untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaannya saja, akan tetapi jauh dari itu ialah untuk mengetahui sebab-sebab dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persamaan dan perbedaan daripada sistem-sistem hukum yang diperbandingkan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode menggunakan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach) yang bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa adanya beberapa persamaan dalam pelaksanaan penawaran tender antara Indonesia dengan AS namun adanya beberapa perbedaan seperti prosedur pelaksanaan serta perlindugan terhadap pihak berkepentingan terkait dengan proses pengambilahlian. Kata kunci: Hukum Pasar Modal, Pengambilahlian Perusahaan, Perusahaan Terbuka, Hukum Amerika Serikat, Hukum Bisnis. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-04-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2878 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1.2878 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021); 1-38 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2878/1709 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/2987 2021-01-21T22:22:37Z litigasi:ART

TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG HASIL DARI KORUPSI YANG MENDAPAT PENGAMPUNAN PAJAK TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG HASIL DARI KORUPSI YANG MENDAPAT PENGAMPUNAN PAJAK Ginting, Yuni Priskila   Taxpayers who participate in the tax amnesty program, provided that they should declare complete data and information on their assets, and clearly settled for taxation purposes, will not be subjected to any administrative sanctions and tax penalties. The tax amnesty law can neither prevent the disclosure of the data and information on the origin of the properties nor the origin of the reported money. Declared is in the form of data and information on assets, which originates from legal and illegal activities. This paper discusses assets resulting from the crime of money laundering, which can still be investigated and confiscated by the state, based on the law on money laundering and the law on corruption, even though asset data has been included in the tax amnesty. In principle, criminal sanctions cannot be abolished, just because they have paid taxes, or just because they have received tax amnesty.The results of the research in this paper are that the concept of tax amnesty law, money laundering and corruption requires the application of digitalization technology with the aim of expanding a taxation database that is valid, comprehensive, and integrated with an online system in order to force taxpayers to comply with taxes. , which will improve voluntary tax compliance for all taxpayers and for taxpayers who perpetrate money laundering in particular.So it is necessary to make a law that regulates tax penalties from replacement money which is calculated based on the present value of the perpetrator of the crime of laundering who has permanent (inkracht). Keywords: money laundering, corruption, tax, assessable, tax amnesty.   Pelaku kejahatan pencucian uang cendrung menyamarkan uang hasil kejahatanya melalui berbagai instrumen bisnis, keuangan, pajak, dan sebagainya. Hal ini merupakan kebijakan pengampunan pajak memberi hak kepada semua segmen wajib pajak untuk mendeklarasikan dan/atau merepatriasi harta serta membayar uang tebusan sebagai pemulihan kewajiban pajaknya. Yang di deklarasi adalah berupa data dan informasi harta, yang bersumber dari kegiatan sah dan tidak sah. Tulisan ini membahas tentang harta dari hasil tindak pidana pencucian uang, tetap dapat di usut dan dirampas kembali oleh negara, berdasarkan undang-undang tindak pidana pencucian uang, dan undang-undang tindak pidana korupsi, meskipun data harta telah diikutkan dalam pengampunan pajak. Pada prinsipnya sanksi pidana tidak dapat hapus, hanya karena telah membayar pajak, atau hanya karena telah mendapat pengampunan pajak. Hasil penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah bahwa konsep undang-undang pengampunan pajak, tindak pidana pencucian uang, dan tindak pidana korupsi perlu penerapan teknologi digitalisasi dengan tujuan untuk memperluas basis data perpajakan yang valid, comprehensive, dan integrated dengan online sistem guna memaksa wajib pajak mematuhi pajak, yang akan meningkatkan kepatuhan pajak sukarela bagi semua wajib pajak dan bagi wajib pajak pelaku tindak pidana pencucian uang khususnya. Sehingga perlu dibuat undang-undang yang mengatur sanksi denda pajak dari uang pengganti yang dihitung berdasar nilai sekarang dari pelaku tindak pidana pencucian yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap (inkracht). Kata kunci: Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, Korupsi, Pajak, Wajib Pajak, Pengampunan Pajak. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-12-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2987 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2.2987 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020); 266-285 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/2987/1557 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3101 2021-01-21T22:22:37Z litigasi:ART

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP INVESTOR/NASABAH YANG MENGALAMI KERUGIAN DALAM TRANSAKSI TRADING FOREX PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP INVESTOR/NASABAH YANG MENGALAMI KERUGIAN DALAM TRANSAKSI TRADING FOREX Paparang, Ivana Laura   Legal protection of investors/customers who conduct futures trading transactions include the rights and obligations of the Parties whether the customer is injured or the brokerage company that must fulfill responsibility due to the perceived loss of customers. This study used normative juridical library research method which describes the contracts stipulated in the LAW No. 10, 2011 and the unbalanced rules of the BAPPEBTI govern the rights and obligations of the parties. Therefore, this journal is about the protection of the law of customers who have suffered losses in forex transactions and the settlement of administrative, civil and criminal disputes in accordance with the guidelines of applicable legislation Keyword : Legal Protection,Trading Transactions, Investors/Consumers.   Perlindungan Hukum terhadap investor/nasabah yang melakukan transaksi Perdagangan Berjangka meliputi hak dan kewajiban para pihak baik itu pihak nasabah yang dirugikan maupun pihak Perusahaan Pialang yang harus memenuhi tanggung jawab akibat kerugian yang dirasakan nasabah. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan yuridis normatif yang di dalamnya menjelaskan mengenai kontrak yang diatur dalam UU No.10 tahun 2011 serta peraturan Bappebti yang belum seimbang mengatur hak dan kewajiban para pihak. Oleh karna itu dalam jurnal ini mengupas mengenai perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah yang mengalami kerugian dalam transaksi forex serta penyelesaian sengketa secara administratif, perdata maupun pidana sesuai dengan pedoman Perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Perdagangan Berjangka, Investor/Nasabah. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-12-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3101 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2.3101 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020); 147-167 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3101/1549 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3103 2021-01-21T22:22:37Z litigasi:ART

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DESK COLLECTOR FINTECH ILEGAL SERTA PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KORBAN PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DESK COLLECTOR FINTECH ILEGAL SERTA PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KORBAN Novridasati, Wening Ridwan, Ridwan Prakarsa, Aliyth   Product technology-based financial services (financial technology-fintech) have changed a lot patterns of behavior and patterns of human life. In addition to its many benefits, it also endangers and poses many risks. The emergence of illegal online loans and collections through unethical, intimidating, inhumane, and unlawful desk collectors has an impact on victims and their families in the form of psychological disorders, and / or physical threats, or even victims who end their lives. In addition, victims do not get their rights as victims of criminal acts in general. This study aims to examine the legal protection of victims for illegal online loan collection, and examine the criminal liability of illegal fintech desk collector that causes victims. By using a normative juridical approach, secondary data sources collected are then analyzed qualitatively, the research results are obtained as follows: (1) the act of the desk collector has violated the Information and Electronic Transaction Law, the desk collector is subject to absolute responsibility (strict liability), and if the business activities carried out by the company can also be used the vicarious liability approach as a corporate criminal liability; (2) forms of protection for victims in the form of victims are entitled to get restitution for illegal online loan collection, and victims are entitled to get protection based on the Witness and Victim Protection Law. Keywords: Criminal Liability, Legal Protection for Victims, Online Loans.     Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-12-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3103 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2.3103 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020); 238-265 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3103/1556 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3105 2021-01-21T22:22:37Z litigasi:ART

PEMBEBASAN NARAPIDANA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSEP ASIMILASI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 BaPEMBEBASAN NARAPIDANA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSEP ASIMILASI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19has Indonesia Situmeang, Sahat Maruli Tua   The Second Principle of Pancasila stating "just and civilized humanity", ensuring that Indonesian people are treated fairly and in a civilized manner despite their status as convicted felon. In addition, in the fifth principle, it is stated that "social justice for all Indonesian people" means that even as a prisoner, they are entitled to get their rights just like normal human life. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the government issued a policy of releasing prisoners through an assimilation program. With this policy, the public is worried that convicts who are released will commit crimes again. Based on this background, the problem is how the concept of assimilation is viewed from the perspective of criminal theory and whether the assimilation policy during the Covid-19 pandemic is in accordance with the concept of assimilation. In analyzing, the normative juridical method using the statue method of approach is used. The types of legal materials used are primary legal materials in the form of related laws and regulations and secondary legal materials in the form of books and scientific articles. Based on the results of the research, it shows that the concept of assimilation viewed from the perspective of integrative theory of sentencing is considered inappropriate because the purpose of punishment is to maintain legal order in society and improve the personality of the perpetrator while still paying attention to human rights (HAM) compared to imprisonment which causes more negative impacts and The assimilation policy during the Covi-19 pandemic was in accordance with the concept of assimilation, namely by fulfilling the requirements and conditions as stipulated in the laws and regulations, but researchers argue that the policy should be accompanied by reconstruction and / or reformulation related to the criminal system through the application of social work criminal sanctions as well as prevention and overcoming of crime through restorative justice. Keywords: Assimilation, Covid-19, Law enforcement.   Sila Kedua Pancasila berbunyi “kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab”, menjamin bahwa manusia Indonesia diperlakukan secara adil dan beradab meskipun berstatus sebagai narapidana. Selain itu, pada sila kelima, menyebutkan bahwa “keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia”, berarti meskipun menjadi narapidana berhak untuk mendapatkan hak-haknya layaknya seperti kehidupan manusia secara normal. Di masa pandemi covid 19, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan pembebasan narapidana melalui program asimilasi. Dengan adanya kebijakan tersebut, masyarakat khawatir terhadap narapidana yang dibebaskan akan melakukan kejahatan kembali. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka yang menjadi persoalan adalah bagaimana konsep asimilasi ditinjau dari perspektif teori pemidanaan dan apakah kebijakan asimilasi dalam masa pandemi covid 19 sudah sesuai dengan konsep asimilasi. Dalam menganalisis digunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan metode statue approach. Jenis bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan terkait dan bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku dan artikel ilmiah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep asimilasi ditinjau dari perspektif teori pemidanaan integratif dinilai kurang tepat karena tujuan pemidanaan yaitu mempertahankan tata tertib hukum dalam masyarakat dan memperbaiki pribadi pelaku dengan tetap memperhatikan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Kebijakan asimilasi dalam masa pandemi covid 19 telah sesuai dengan konsep asimilasi, yaitu dengan dipenuhinya persyaratan dan ketentuan sebagaimana yang diatur  dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, akan tetapi peneliti berpendapat bahwa kebijakan tersebut seharusnya disertai dengan rekonstruksi dan/atau reformulasi terkait sistem pemidanaan melalui penerapan sanksi pidana kerja sosial serta pencegahan dan penanggulangan kejahatan melalui restorative justice. Kata Kunci: Asimilasi, Covid 19, Penegakan Hukum. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-12-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3105 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2.3105 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020); 220-237 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3105/1555 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3164 2021-01-21T22:22:37Z litigasi:ART

MODEL PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PADA PEMILU / PEMILUKADA Budiman, Maman   The state election/election of the regional head should be run as what is mandated in Pancasila and after regulations. The Election Commission/Regional Commission of Election as the organizer should drafted a comprehensive operational procedure of election referring to the regulations.  The aim is for all contestants to not commit any fraud during election such as corruption. The method of research used in this writing was juridical empirical that is a research on some of the state administrations running for the election/the head of region election who were indicated committing corruption during election/election of the head of region. The steps after was to make an inventory, study, and examination on the secondary data such as Law No. 20, 2001 on the amendment of Law No. 31, 2001 concerning The Eradication of Corruption; Law No. 8, 2010 on Money Laundering and Law No. 7, 2017 concerning Election. Factors causing the state administrations to commit corruption during election/election of the head of region are internal such as greed, lust, and external factor such as political system of the state and the third factor that is factor of interest. The eradication model of corruption to be imposed on the state administrations during the election/election of the head of region is by criminally processing those accussed to commit corruption during election/election of the regional head and to enforce maximum punishment to promote deterrent effect. Keywords: corruption,  elections,  honesty, integrity.   Pelaksanaaan pemilu/pemilukada harus berjalan sesuai yang diamanatkan dalam Pancasila dan aturan per perundang-undangan. Komisi Pemilihan Umum/Komisi Pemilihan umum daerah sebagai penyelenggra pemilu harus membuat prosedur penyelenggaraan pemilu yang  lengkap dan detail dengan mengacu kepada peraturan perundang-undangan, hal itu bertujuan agar semua konstestan pemilu Tidak melakukan perbuatan curang seperti korupsi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah yuridis empiris yaitu penelitian terhadap para penyelenggara negara yang mengikuti Pemilu/pemilukada yanng terindikasi melakukan praktek korupsi pada saat pemilu/pemilukada, selanjutnya menginventarisasi, mengkaji, dan meneliti data sekunder berupa peraturan perundang-undangan seperti undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang perubahan undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi, Undang-undang nomor 8 tahun 2010 tentang tindak pidana pencucian uang, dan undang-undang nomor 7 tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan para penyelenggara negara melakukan tindak pidana korupsi pada saat pemilu/pemilukada adalah adanya faktor internal seperti sifat rakus dan tamak, faktor yang kedua adalah faktor eksternal seperti system politik disuatu negara, faktor yang ketiga adalah faktor kepentingan. Model pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi yang dapat dikenakan terhadap para penyelenggara negara pada saat pemilu/pemilukada adalah dengan memproses secara pidana para penyelenggara negera yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana korupsi pada saat pemilu/pemilukada selain itu diberikan putusan maksimal untuk memberikan efek jera. Kata Kunci: Integritas, Jujur, Korupsi, Pemilu. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-12-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3164 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2.3164 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020); 199-219 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3164/1543 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3399 2021-01-21T22:22:37Z litigasi:ART

INKLUSI SOSIAL MELALUI JARINGAN KERJA GOTONG ROYONG PADA MASA PANDEMI INKLUSI SOSIAL MELALUI JARINGAN KERJA GOTONG ROYONG PADA MASA PANDEMI Mulyani, Leni Widi   The Covid-19 pandemic has made the whole world experiences significant changes, including Indonesia. Public sectors were affected quite a bit, especially the economic sector for the middle to lower class. Community groups that depend on daily income have difficulty fulfilling their daily needs. Large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) on the one hand are unavoidable considering the many positive cases of Covid-19, in contrast many people facing difficulty to survive in the midst of economic uncertainty, this pandemic has a comprehensive social impact, economy and human rights, especially for vulnerable groups. The purpose of this research is to discuss social inclusion carried out by the community, especially in the Bandung area and its surroundings through mutual cooperation networks in overcoming the impact of the pandemic. The research method in this article uses normative legal research and uses a social approach method as well as a conceptual approach method, data collection techniques are taken through structured interview methods with social inclusion participants. The results of research in this paper are social inclusion and mutual cooperation between communities as a joint effort to reduce the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic.  Real results have been felt by the poor and marginalized, not only in economy but also in learning about food security and independence. Keywords: Social inclusion, mutual cooperation, Covid-19.            Pandemi Covid-19 membuat seluruh dunia mengalami perubahan yang signifikan, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Sektor-sektor publik terkena imbas yang tidak sedikit, khusunya sektor ekonomi bagi kalangan masyarakat menengah ke bawah. Kelompok-kelompok masyarakat yang menggantungkan hidupnya  pada pendapatan harian kesulitan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Pembatasan Sosial berskala besar (PSBB) di satu sisi adalah hal yang tidak dapat dihindari mengingat banyaknya kasus positif Covid-19, namun di sisi lain banyak masyarakat yang mendapatkan kesulitan untuk bertahan hidup di tengah-tengah ketidakpastian ekonomi, berdampak secara sosial, ekonomi dan hak asasi manusia secara luas terutama terhadap kelompok rentan. Tujuan penelitian ini membahas inklusi sosial yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat, khususnya di wilayah Bandung dan sekitarnya melalui jaringan kerja gotong royong dalam menanggulangi dampak pandemi. Metode penelitian dalam artikel ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dan menggunakan metode pendekatan sosial (social approach) serta metode pendekatan konseptual, teknik pengumpuln data diambil melalui metode wawancara terstruktur dengan peserta inklusi sosial. Hasil penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah inklusi sosial dan gotong royong antara masyarakat merupakan upaya bersama dalam mengurangi dampak dari pandemi Covid 19, hasil nyata telah dirasakan oleh kalangan miskin dan marjinal, tidak saja secara eknomi juga belajar mengenai ketahanan pangan dan kemandirian. Kata Kunci : Inklusi social, Gotong Royong, Covid-19. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2020-12-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3399 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2.3399 LITIGASI; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020); 168-198 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v21i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3399/1552 Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3658 2026-01-19T15:20:51Z litigasi:ART

DISPARITAS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN MENGENAI PERKARA KORUPSI BIAYA PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PRAKTEK PENEGAKAN HUKUM DISPARITAS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN MENGENAI PERKARA KORUPSI BIAYA PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PRAKTEK PENEGAKAN HUKUM Mulyana, Yusep   The cause of disparities in punishment in the settlement of criminal cases is the independence of judges in carrying out their profession. The existing laws do not regulate or limit the minimum sentence imposed upon the accused. Based on the basic experience, the consideration of the defendant's condition includes the individual, the behavior of the community, the financial situation and social status. The disparity in court decisions in cases of corruption can lie on legal paradigm by formulating the contents of legislation properly, avoiding mistakes in interpreting the law, using reasoning both deductively and inductively and discovering legal values ​​that live in the society. Criminal disparities cannot be eliminated by themselves. Therefore, there must be benchmarks with transparency in the imposition of criminal sanctions in accordance with the principles of criminal procedural law. Keywords: Disparity, Crime of Corruption, Law Enforcement.   Faktor Penyebab disparitas pemidanaan dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana adalah adanya indepedensi hakim dalam menjalankan profesinya. Perundang-undangan yang ada tidak mengatur atau secara limitatif penjatuhan pidana secara minimum dari terdakwa. Berdasarkan pengalaman dasar pertimbangan kondisi terdakwa meliputi individu, perilaku sikap masyarakat, keadaan keuangan serta status sosial. Disparitas putusan pengadilan dalam kasus korupsi dapat mempergunakan pemikiran secara hukum dengan cara memformulasikan isi perundang-undangan secara baik, menghindari perkeliruan dalam menafsirkan hukum, mempergunakan nalar baik secara deduktif maupun induktif serta menemukan nilai-nilai hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Disparitas pidana tidak bisa dihapuskan dengan sendirinya oleh karena itu harus ada tolak ukur dengan transparansi dalam penjatuhan sanksi pidana sesuai dengan asas-asas hukum acara pidana. Kata Kunci: Disparitas, Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Penegakan Hukum. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-04-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3658 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1.3658 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021); 90-110 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3658/1712 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3751 2026-01-19T15:20:51Z litigasi:ART

PENGUJIAN PERATURAN KEBIJAKAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN DI INDONESIA PENGUJIAN PERATURAN KEBIJAKAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN DI INDONESIA Arifin, Firdaus The policy regulation is one of the government instruments or tools and means used by the government, including state administration officials in criminal justice in carrying out government tasks and other judicial actions. The existence of this policy regulation is a consequence of the welfare law state which imposes a very broad task, namely for the attainment of the people's welfare in accordance with the objectives of the welfare state itself. However, in the development of policy regulations that were originally intended and needed in carrying out governmental duties, in fact their implementation cannot be separated from the problems of conflicts with other legal norms and other legal problems. This paper wants to answer an important question, namely; "What is the basis for government action to issue policy regulations and why policy regulations, theoretically and in practice, cannot be categorized as statutory regulations?". The conclusion that can be drawn from this paper is related to the large "space for movement" held by the government and the positions in the judicial field to make policy regulations. For this reason, it is necessary to recommend Supreme Court to issue a Supreme Court Regulation which regulates technical proceedings related to the review of policy regulations. Delegating the authority to review policy regulations to become the authority of the State Administrative High Court (PT TUN) is a strategic step that can be developed by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: Testing, Policy Regulations, Regulations, Contradictions of Norms, Government Administration. Peraturan kebijakan adalah instrumen pemerintahan atau sarana yang dipakai pemerintah termasuk pejabat administrasi negara di ranah peradilan pidana dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas pemerintahan dan tindakan yudisial lainnya. Eksistensi peraturan tersebut menjadi konsekuensi atas negara hukum kesejahteraan yang membebankan tugas-tugas yang luas, yakni supaya terwujudnya kesejahteraan masyarakat berdasarkan tujuan kesejahteraan tersebut. Namun seiring berkembangnya peraturan kebijakan yang awalnya dperlukan ataupun dimaksudkan untuk melaksanakan tugas pemerintah, justru pada pelaksananaannya sangat melekat pada masalah permasalahan terhadap norma-norma hukum lainnya ataupun persoalan hukum yang lain. Tulisan ini ingin menjawab satu pertanyaan penting, yakni; “Apakah yang menjadi dasar bertindak pemerintah untuk menerbitkan peraturan kebijakan dan mengapa secara teori dan praktik peraturan kebijakan tidak bisa masuk kategori selaku peraturan perundang-undangan?”. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari tulisan ini adalah terkait “ruang gerak” yang besar yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah dan pejabatan di lingkungan yudisial untuk membentuk peraturan kebijakan. Untuk itu perlu rekomendasi kepada MA dalam menerbitkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung yang membahas teknis beracara terkait pengujian peraturan kebijakan. Melimpahkan kewenangan pengujian peraturan kebijakan menjadi wewenang PT TUN (Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara) adalah langkah yang strategis yang dapat dikembangkan oleh Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Pengujian, Peraturan Kebijakan, Regulasi, Pertentangan Norma, Administrasi Pemerintahan. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-04-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3751 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1.3751 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021); 133-156 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3751/1714 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3766 2026-01-19T15:21:11Z litigasi:ART

MENINJAU ULANG SANKSI KEBIRI KIMIA DARI PERSPEKTIF PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA BERDASARKAN PANCASILA MENINJAU ULANG SANKSI KEBIRI KIMIA DARI PERSPEKTIF PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA BERDASARKAN PANCASILA Pambudhi, Hario Danang Chaerunnisaa, Hanifah Alya   Starting from the state's concern about the increasing numbers of sexual violence against children, the government has issued a chemical castration policy for perpetrators of sexual violence against children as an additional punishment or treatment. In general, children are a group vulnerable to sexual violence. This is because children are deemed unable to defend themselves and inadequate sex education in Indonesia. Through this research, the researchers tried to see whether the implementation of the castration policy can be the right form of punishment. By using the normative juridical method through an approach to legal principles with qualitative data analysis presented in a descriptive-analytical manner, the researchers found that the chemical castration policy against perpetrators of sexual violence against children actually injures the concept of criminal law reform which is currently on the country's big agenda to create criminal law in accordance with the values ​​of Pancasila, namely peace. The chemical castration policy is also a form of state neglect of the rights of victims and the rights of perpetrators which should be accommodated properly, without having to use chemical castration as a solution. Keyword: Chemical castration, Balance, Victims, Criminal law reform, Perpetrators.   Berangkat dari kekhawatiran negara terhadap kondisi meningkatnya kekerasan seksual bagi anak, membuat negara mengeluarkan kebijakan kebiri kimia bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak sebagai pidana tambahan. Secara umum anak menjadi kelompok yang sangat rentan terhadap kekerasan seksual, hal tersebut dikarenakan anak dianggap belum dapat membela dirinya sendiri dan masih rendahnya seks edukasi di Indonesia. Melalui penelitian ini, peneliti berupaya untuk melihat apakah penerapan kebijakan kebiri dapat menjadi bentuk pemidanaan yang tepat. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan terhadap asas-asas hukum dengan analisis data secara kualitatif yang disajikan secara deskriptif analitis, peneliti menemukan bahwa kebijakan kebiri kimia terhadap pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak justru mencederai konsep pembaharuan hukum pidana yang saat ini menjadi agenda besar negara untuk menciptakan hukum pidana yang sesuai nilai Pancasila yaitu perdamaian. Kebijakan kebiri kimia juga merupakan bentuk pengabaian negara terhadap hak korban dan hak pelaku yang seharusnya dapat diakomodir dengan baik, tanpa harus menggunakan kebiri kimia sebagai solusi. Kata Kunci: Kebiri kimia, Keseimbangan, Korban, Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana, Pelaku. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-10-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3766 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2.3766 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021); 177-204 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3766/1943 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3808 2026-01-19T15:20:51Z litigasi:ART

STUDI TENTANG KEKERASAN SEKSUAL YANG DILAKUKAN MELALUI PEMBESARAN ALAT KELAMIN STUDI TENTANG KEKERASAN SEKSUAL YANG DILAKUKAN MELALUI PEMBESARAN ALAT KELAMIN Salamor, Anna Maria Latupeirissa, J.E. Hehanussa, D.J.A. Salamor, Y. B.   Violence against women is a global phenomenon that is not affected by racial or ethnic boundaries, culture and social class. One form of violence against women is sexual violence. Sexual violence is a form of violence that can occur in both public and domestic spheres. The legal subjects of perpetrators of sexual violence are usually suffered by women and children who are often seen as weak victims. One form of sexual violence against women is to enlarge the genitals. The problem in this study is whether genital enlargement can be qualified as sexual violence. The research method used is normative juridical. Husband and wife relationship is a fun sexual activity between partners. The concept of masculinity and self-esteem which is shown by the symbolism of the size of the genitals and high sexual ability can lead to sexual violence between partners. In some cases, enlargement of the genitals (penis) is done without the wife (partner) knowing. When penetration occurs and causes a painful feeling, the wife (partner) realizes that the husband's genitals have been enlarged. On the other hand, when the pain arises during penetration, the wife asks to stop or stop for a moment but is ignored and is still forced to penetrate until they are finished. Enlargement of the genitals accompanied by force during intercourse is a form of sexual violence, however it is still considered taboo in domestic life because the wife is ashamed of the public's scrutiny if it is reported to the police. Keyword: Genitals; Violence; Sexual.   Kekerasan terhadap perempuan adalah sebuah fenomena global yang tidak terpengaruh oleh batas-batas rasial atau 1suku, kultur, dan kelas sosial. Salah satu bentuk kekerasan terhadap perempuan adalah kekerasan seksual. Kekerasan seksual merupakan bentuk kekerasan yang dapat terjadi baik di ruang publik maupun domestik. Subjek hukum pelaku kekerasan seksual biasanya diderita oleh perempuan dan anak yang seringkali dianggap sebagai korban yang lemah. Salah satu bentuk kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan adalah dengan melakukan pembesaran alat kelamin. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini apakah pembesaran alat kelamin dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai kekerasan seksual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adaah yuridis normatif. Hubungan suami istri merupakan aktivitas seksual yang menyenangkan antar pasangan. Konsep maskulinitas dan harga diri yang ditunjukkan dengan simbolitas pada besarnya alat kelamin dan kemampuan seksual yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan kekerasan seksual diantara pasangan. Dalam beberapa kasus yang terjadi, pembesaran alat kelamin (penis) dilakukan tanpa diketahui oleh istri (pasangan). Ketika penetrasi terjadi dan menimbulkan rasa yang menyakitkan, barulah disadari oleh istri (pasangan) bahwa alat kelamin suami yang telah diperbesar. Dilain sisi, pada saat rasa sakit yang timbul pada saat penetrasi, istri meminta untuk menyudahi atau berhenti sesaat untuk melakukannya tetapi tidak dipedulikan dan tetap dipaksakan untuk melakukan penetrasi hingga selesai. Pembesaran alat kelamin yang disertai dengan paksaan saat berhubungan intim merupakan salah satu bentuk dari kekerasan seksual, akan tetapi masih dianggap tabu dalam kehidupan rumah tangga karena istri yang malu dengan pandangan masyarakat jika dilaporkan ke kepolisian. Kata Kunci: Alat Kelamin; Kekerasan; Seksual. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-04-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3808 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1.3808 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021); 71-89 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3808/1711 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3841 2026-01-19T15:21:11Z litigasi:ART

PENDIDIKAN SOCIAL JUSTICE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 : PERTIMBANGAN DAN KEKHAWATIRAN PENDIDIKAN SOCIAL JUSTICE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 : PERTIMBANGAN DAN KEKHAWATIRAN Septianita, Hesti Tedjabuwana, Rosa Utama, Alif Putra   The outbreak of the Covid-19 virus has caused disruptions across the globe. The table has turned drastically and unexpected. All aspects of life are impacted by this corona virus. The world, ready or not are forced to adapt with the situation. Legal schools have to conduct online learning. The concern should be paid to how social justice education can be done online when trying to sensitize the students towards social justice. The approach used in this research was juridical normative examining norms related to social justice learning. Conceptual approach was used to show views and analysis of problem solving on social justice learning through online method at undergraduate level to produce lawyers with legal professional skills. Therefore, traditional law school curricula provide chances for students to develop their skills. The impact is that online learning that can produce future litigators with the same or even better quality with the conservative method is still in doubt. The research concluded that some elements are missing from the online learning when teaching social justice to students such as professional skills and social emphathy. Keywords: Outbreak of Covid-19 Virus, Online Learning, Social Justice.   Pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebabkan disrupsi di seluruh penjuru dunia. Keadaan menjadi terbalik secara drastis dan tidak disangka-sangka. Seluruh aspek kehidupan terdampak oleh virus bermahkota ini. Masyarakat dunia, siap atau tidak, dipaksa untuk beradaptasi dengan situasi yang ada. Pendidikan hukum juga harus menyelenggarakan pembelajaran melalui metode daring. Perhatian yang harus diberikan adalah sejauh mana pendidikan social justice bisa dilakukan melalui metode daring terkait penanaman sensitivitas dan kepekaan akan keadilan sosial? Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative yang menelaah norma-norma terkait pendidikan social justice. Pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) digunakan untuk memberikan sudut pandang dari analisis penyelesaian permasalahan pendidikan social justice melalui metode daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Pendidikan hukum, terutama pendidikan social justice pada level sarjana bertujuan untuk menciptakan lulusan-lulusan hukum dengan keahlian-keahlian profesi hukum, oleh karenanya kurikulum sekolah hukum yang tradisional memberikan peluang dan kesempatkan bagi mahasiswa untuk mengembangkan kemampuannya. Dampaknya adalah pembelajaran daring yang dapat menghasilkan litigator-litigator masa depan dengan kualitas yang sama atau lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode konservatif masih diragukan. penelitian menunjukan bahwa beberapa elemen-elemen pembelajaran luring hilang semasa pembelajaran daring, seperti contohnya keterampilan profesi atau praktis dan empati sosial. Kata kunci : Pandemi Covid-19, Pendidikan Daring, Social Justice. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-10-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3841 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2.3841 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021); 241-271 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3841/1946 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3856 2026-01-19T15:20:51Z litigasi:ART

STUDI KOMPARASI PENDEKATAN HUKUM PADA PENGATURAN INSIDER TRADING DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PENEGAKAN DI DUNIA PASAR MODAL STUDI KOMPARASI PENDEKATAN HUKUM PADA PENGATURAN INSIDER TRADING DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PENEGAKAN DI DUNIA PASAR MODAL Puspita Shara, Made Cinthya   The approach of fiduciary duty used in upholding capital market law in Indonesia implies on the imposition of crimes against insider trading becomes narrow. The obligation to prove the elements against the law to be able to prosecute the insider trading is also considered burdensome in providing justice. Insider trading is very likely to committed by parties who are not related to the company and to obtain information voluntarily. The weaknesses of the stipulation of legal approaches in Indonesia make it less viable to enforce material information on the capital market. Therefore, this study aims to understand the law enforcement that can guarantee security in the world of capital markets. This research will examine the use of the concept in Singapore which uses the concept of an information connected approach. In this concept, as the findings showed, Singapore uses a combination of approach to fiduciary duty and misappropriation. Based on this research, the results showed that the approach combining two possible actions of insider trading is a regulation that can provide more coerciveness to law enforcement in the capital markets. Therefore, it is necessary for Indonesia to carry out legal development by applying the  misappropriation approach in the stipulations of insider trading in Indonesia. Keywords: Insider Trading, Legal Approach, Information.   Pendekatan fiduciary duty yang digunakan dalam penegakan hukum pasar modal di Indonesia, membuat pengenaan tindak kejahatan atas insider trading menjadi sempit. Kewajiban dalam pembuktian unsur melawan hukum untuk dapat menindak pidana pelaku kejahatan insider trading juga dirasa memberatkan dalam upaya memberi keadilan. Pelaku kejahatan insider trading sangat dimungkinkan terjadi oleh pihak yang tidak berhubungan dengan perusahaan dan mendapatkan informasi secara sukarela. Kelemahan dalam pengaturan pendekatan hukum di Indonesia membuat penegakan informasi materiil dalam pasar modal menjadi kurang dapat diperjuangkan. Sehingga penulis melalui penelitian ini merasa perlu untuk mengetahui terkait penegakan hukum yang dapat menjamin keamanan dalam dunia pasar modal. Melalui penelitian ini akan menelaah mengenai penggunaan konsep pada Singapura yang menggunakan konsep pendekatan information connectenedd approach. Pada konsep tersebut didapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa Singapura menggunakan gabungan dari pendekatan fiduciary duty dan misappropriation. Berasarkan penelitian ini didapatkanlah hasil bahwa pendekatan yang menggabungkan dua kemungkinan tindakan pelaku kejahatan insider trading, merupakan peraturan yang lebih dapat memberikan ketegasan pada penegakan hukum didunia pasar modal. Sehingga perlu bagi Indonesia untuk melakukan pengembangan hukum dengan menerapkan konsep pendekatan misappropriation dalam pengaturan insider trading di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Insider Trading, Pendekatan Hukum, Informasi. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-04-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3856 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1.3856 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021); 39-70 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3856/1710 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/3883 2026-01-19T15:20:51Z litigasi:ART

URGENSI AKTA NOTARIS DALAM PERJANJIAN PENGALIHAN LISENSI RAHASIA DAGANG SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBERIKAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM PARA PIHAK URGENSI AKTA NOTARIS DALAM PERJANJIAN PENGALIHAN LISENSI RAHASIA DAGANG SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBERIKAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM PARA PIHAK Ferdiana, Herdy Ryzkyta Amirulloh, Muhamad Saleh, Kilkoda Agus   Confidential information or trade secrets of a company is very important for business actors, since the development of information-based business. Information has economic values and concerns the quality of the goods and services produced. If the transfer of trade secrets does not explicitly mention the existence of a connection with a Notary Deed, the interests of the parties in an agreement for the transfer of rights and trade secret licenses will lack of legal protection and ultimately create legal uncertainty. The notary deed serves as a means of proof in the event of a trade secret dispute for the parties involved. The power of proof of a notary deed as evidence is a perfect power of proof which then the notary deed must be recorded at the Directorate General of IPR. Keywords: legal certainty; trade secret; deed.   Informasi yang dirahasiakan atau rahasia dagang dari suatu perusahaan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi pelaku usaha, sejak dengan perkembangan bisnis yang berbasis informasi. Informasi memiliki nilai ekonomi dan menyangkut kualitas dari barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan. Dalam pengalihan rahasia dagang tidak menyembutkan secara tegas adanya kaitan dengan sebuah Akta Notaris, maka kepentingan para pihak dalam suatu perjanjian pengalihan hak dan lisensi rahasia dagang tersebut akan kurang mendapat perlindungan hukum dan pada akhirnya menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum. Akta notaris berfungsi sebagai alat pembuktian apabila terjadi suatu sengketa rahasia dagang bagi para pihak yang terlibat. Kekuatan pembuktian sebuah akta notaris sebagai alat bukti adalah kekuatan pembuktian sempurna yang kemudian akta notaris tersebut wajib di catatkan pada Direktorat Jenderal HKI. Kata kunci: kepastian hukum, rahasia dagang, akta. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-04-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3883 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1.3883 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021); 111-132 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/3883/1761 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/4057 2026-01-19T15:21:11Z litigasi:ART

POLARISASI BERITA BOHONG COVID-19 : VIKTIMISASI KOLEKTIF POLARISASI BERITA BOHONG COVID-19 : VIKTIMISASI KOLEKTIF Candra, Marli Alifiana, Nada Fitriyah   COVID-19 has changed the structural behavior of the world community, including the increasing spread of hoax. The massive spread of hoaxes and the abundance of available information has confused the community in indicating which information is correct or hoax. This paper uses a qualitative method with an analytical-descriptive approach. The author emphasizes the aspect of in-depth understanding of a problem by reviewing and analyzing scientific works and various scientific literature. The central factors of this research are facts related to the COVID-19 fake news and the identification of the impact of the spread of the false news. The study found that the huge number of hoaxes related to COVID-19 caused collective victimization, namely the community. Unclear information results in civil resilience. This resilience raised the community resistance regarding government policies in minimizing the impact of COVID-19 on public health in general. Keyword: COVID-19 Polarizattion; Hoax: Collective Victimization.   Covid-19 telah merubah struktur tingkah laku masyarakat dunia, termasuk meningkatnya penyebaran berita hoax. Massifnya penyebaran hoax dan membludaknya informasi yang ada menyebabkan kebingungan di masyarakat dalam memeilih mana informasi yang benar dan mana yang hoax. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analitis-deskriptif. Penulis menekankan pada aspek pemahaman secara mendalam terhadap suatu masalah dengan mengkaji dan menganalisis karya-karya ilmiah dan berbagai literatur ilmiah. Bahan utama penelitian ini yaitu fakta-fakta terkait berita bohong Covid-19 dan identifikasi dampak tersebarnya berita bohong tersebut. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa massifnya berita hoax terkait covid-19 menyebabkan adanya korban kolektif yaitu masyarakat. Ketidakjelasan informasi melahirkan civil resilience sehingga ada resistensi pada masyarakat terkait kebijakan pemerintah dalam meminimalisir dampak covid pada kesehatan masyarakat secar umum. Kata Kunci: Polarisasi covid-19; Hoax; Kolektif Viktimisasi. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-10-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4057 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2.4057 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021); 157-176 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4057/1942 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/4119 2026-01-19T15:21:11Z litigasi:ART

POTENSI ANCAMAN PIDANA MELAKUKAN KERUMUNAN DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19 DI INDONESIA Pane, Musa Darwin   This study aims to determine the regulation of criminal threats for crowding in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic according to positive law in Indonesia and to find out the criminal threats (prison or fines) against those who crowd in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic according to the penal system. The approach method used in this research is normative juridical and the research specification uses descriptive analytical method. The results of the study show that in positive law there are administrative criminal sanctions that are threatened for perpetrators who gather in the in the time of COVID-19 pandemic, namely Article 14 paragraph (1) of Law No. 4, 1984 concerning Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases, Article 93 of Law Number 6, 2018 concerning Quarantine, Article 212, Article 214, Article 216, and Article 218 of the Criminal Code. Meanwhile, the criminal threat for those attracting crowds amidst the COVID-19 pandemic can be subject to criminal penalties if the perpetrators resist as stipulated in the legislation, but this criminal sanction is a last resort or ultimum remedium. Thus, the author is of the view that it is necessary to have a functioning agency or institution that is concerned with prevention and supervision through massive approach and layered supervision. Keywords: Criminal, Crowd, COVID-19.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan ancaman pidana yang melakukan kerumunan di tengah pandemi COVID-19 menurut hukum positif di Indonesia dan untuk mengetahui ancaman pidana (penjara ataupun denda) terhadap yang melakukan kerumunan di tengah pandemi COVID-19 menurut sistem pemidanaan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di dalam hukum positif terdapat sanksi pidana administratif yang diancamkan kepada pelaku yang melakukan kerumunan di tengah pandemi COVID-19 yaitu Pasal 14 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1984 tentang Wabah Penyakit Menular, Pasal 93 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Kekarantinaan, Pasal 212 KUHP, Pasal 214 KUHP, Pasal 216 KUHP dan Pasal 218 KUHP. Sementara terhadap ancaman pidana bagi yang melakukan kerumunan di tengah pandemi COVID-19 dapat dikenakan pidana apabila pelaku melawan sebagaimana ketentuan yang telah ditentukan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan akan tetapi sanksi pidana ini merupakan upaya terakhir atau ultimum remedium. Dengan demikian penulis berpandangan bahwa perlu adanya fungsi badan atau lembaga yang konsen dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengawasan melalui pendekatan massif dan pengawasan yang berlapis. Kata kunci: Pidana, Kerumunan, COVID-19. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-10-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4119 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2.4119 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021); 230-241 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4119/1945 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/4211 2026-01-19T15:21:11Z litigasi:ART

PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN BERMARTABAT DALAM PARADOKS ETIKA DAN HUKUM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN BERMARTABAT DALAM PARADOKS ETIKA DAN HUKUM Disantara, Fradhana Putra   The law and ethics have a relationship between the two. However, there are often conflicts between law and ethics. This phenomenon is as happened in the case of cancellation by the State Administrative Court (PTUN) of the Presidential Decree as a follow-up to the ethical decision that is final and binding from the Election Organizing Honorary Council (DKPP). This study uses a statutory and conceptual approach by using primary and secondary legal materials. The two legal materials are inventoried to obtain a prescriptive legal analysis and provide a holistic conceptual study of the legal issues discussed. This legal research aims to analyze the position of ethics in legal instruments in Indonesia concerning infrastructure and ethical decisions and to investigate the enigma between law and ethics in one case in the perspective of a dignified justice theory. The study results show that the DKPP decision's position is equivalent to a legal court decision. On the other hand, the role of ethics in legal instruments in Indonesia is equal; and is based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the perspective of the theory of dignified justice, the cancellation of the Presidential Decree as a follow-up to the ethical judgment of the DKPP has ‘abused’ the three legal functions. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish between Presidential Decrees, which are products of administrative law and the Presidential Decree, which is a follow-up to the decision of the DKPP ethical court. Keywords: Law and Ethics, Dignified Justice, DKPP, Ethics Court.   Hukum dan etika memiliki keterkaitan diantara keduanya. Namun, tak jarang terjadi pertentangan antara hukum dengan etika. Fenomena tersebut sebagaimana terjadi pada kasus pembatalan oleh Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) terhadap Keputusan Presiden sebagai tindak lanjut putusan etik yang bersifat final dan mengikat dari Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu (DKPP). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Kedua bahan hukum tersebut diinventarisasi untuk memperoleh analisis hukum yang bersifat preskriptif; serta memberikan studi konseptual holistik tentang masalah hukum yang dibahas. Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kedudukan etika dalam instrumen hukum di Indonesia berkenaan dengan infrastrukturisasi dan putusan etik; serta menganalisa enigma antara hukum dan etika pada suatu kasus dalam perspektif teori keadilan bermartabat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedudukan putusan DKPP adalah sederajat dengan putusan peradilan hukum. Di sisi lain, kedudukan norma etika dan hukum di Indonesia adalah sederajat; dan bersumber pada Undang Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia (UUD NRI) 1945. Berdasarkan perspektif teori keadilan bermartabat, pembatalan Keputusan Presiden sebagai tindak lanjut putusan peradilan etik dari DKPP sejatinya telah menciderai tiga fungsi hukum. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya pembedaan antara Keputusan Presiden yang merupakan produk hukum administratif; serta Keputusan Presiden yang merupakan tindak lanjut putusan peradilan etik DKPP. Kata kunci: Hukum dan Etika, Keadilan Bermartabat, DKPP, Peradilan Etik. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-10-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4211 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2.4211 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021); 205-229 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4211/1944 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/4233 2026-01-19T15:30:47Z litigasi:ART

PENGATURAN OBJEK BARANG KENA CUKAI DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN Bulkiah, Bulkiah Syahbandir, Mahdi Yani, Teuku Ahmad   Legal policy governing goods subject to excise in the perspective of welfare state is a regulation enacted by the state in order to control the circulation and the use of certain goods affected the community health and the environment which in the end is leading to welfare. The regulation has caused problems since there were different and conflicting cross-sectoral interests. The findings of the research showed that the regulation on the goods subject to excise in the perspective of welfare state is applied through extensification of the excisable goods and the application and renewal of the excise tariff. General regulation applies by arranging provisions on controlling and handling impact of the goods subject to excise. The regulation gives power to the regional government to manage the profit sharing for the health service and welfare improvement for the community.   Keywords : Legal policy, Excisable goods, Welfare State. Kebijakan hukum yang mengatur tentang objek barang kena cukai dalam perspektif Negara Kesejahteraan merupakan bentuk pengaturan negara dalam rangka mengendalikan peredaran dan penggunaan barang tertentu yang menimbulkan dampak bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan serta pada akhirnya dapat mewujudkan kesejahteraan. Pengaturan tersebut menimbulkan permasalahan, karena adanya kepentingan lintas sektoral yang berbeda dan saling bertentangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan objek barang kena cukai dalam perspektif Negara Kesejahteraan dilaksanakan melalui kebijakan hukum ekstensifikasi objek barang kena cukai baru, serta kebijakan menetapkan dan memperbaharui besaran tarif cukai. Kebijakan hukum juga dilaksanakan dengan menetapkan aturan pengendalian dan penanganan dampak dari penggunaan objek barang tersebut. Ketentuan tersebut juga memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola Dana bagi hasil cukai untuk layanan kesehatan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Hukum, Objek Cukai, Negara Kesejahteraan.   Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-04-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4233 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1.4233 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022); 1-20 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4233/2244 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/4416 2026-01-19T15:30:47Z litigasi:ART

SISTEM ONLINE PADA TRANSAKSI PEMBAYARAN JASA DITINJAU DARI ASAS KESEIMBANGAN DALAM HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA Sekarwati, Raden Ajeng Astari Suryanti, Nyulistiowati Afriana, Anita Dugaan praktik monopoli oleh PT.O dan Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai yang hanya menyediakan satu sistem pembayaran jasa berbasis online menimbulkan kerugian diantaranya banyak masyarakat yang kesulitan melakukan pembayaran karena sedikitnya pilihan sistem pembayaran, ditambah dengan sulit masukannya para pelaku usaha lain dalam melaksanakan usahanya. Hal ini menimbulkan permasalahan, permasalahan yang timbul antara lain; Bagaimana implementasi sistem online pada transaksi pembayaran jasa, serta bagaimana penerapan asas keseimbangan dalam transaksi pembayaran jasa berdasarkan sistem online. Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat deskriptif analitis yang menggambarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, dikaitkan dengan teori-teori hukum dalam praktik pelaksanaan yang menyangkut permasalahan yang diteliti, metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan betolak pada segi yuridis normatif yang lebih lanjut akan ditelaah secara kualitatif dengan berpedoman pada teori-teori dan asas-asas yang relevan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian diketahui bahwa 1) PT.O melakukan kerjasama dengan Lippo Group untuk menjadi sistem pembayaran tunggal yang mengakibatkan pemusatan ekonomi dengan dikuasainya jasa pembayaran di mal-mal tersebut hingga menghambat para pelaku usaha lainnya untuk masuk dan melakukan kegiatan usahanya. Sedangkan G, melakukan kerjasama dengan Bandara tertentu untuk menjadi satu-satunya platform penyediaan angkutan umum berbasis aplikasi dan hanya menyediakan satu sistem pembayaran yang telah ditentukan oleh pihak G yang mengakibatkan terhambatnya para pelaku usaha lain untuk masuk ke pasar telah memenuhi unsur-unsur dalam pasal 17 dan terbukti melanggar Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat; dan 2) penerapan asas keseimbangan dalam pasal-pasal Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, dapat di lihat asas keseimbangan tidak diterapkan oleh pelaku usaha dalam transaksi pembayaran jasa berbasis online pada kasus Lippo Group (PT.O) dan Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai, Hal ini terbukti dengan hanya ditunjuknya satu pelaku usaha untuk melakukan kegiatan membuktikan tidak diberikannya kesempatan usaha pada pelaku usaha lain di pasar tersebut. Kata Kunci : Asas Keseimbangan; Pembayaran online; Persaingan Usaha. The allegation of monopolistic practices by PT.O and I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport, which only provides one online-based service payment system, has resulted in losses, including many people who are unable to make payments due to the lack of payment system options, as well as making it difficult for other business actors to enter their market. This creates issues, such as how to construct an online system for service payment transactions and how to apply the principle of balance in internet-based service payment transactions. The research was descriptive analytical in nature, describing the applicable laws and regulations, as well as legal theories and practices in the implementation of the problems studied. The approach method used was a qualitative normative approach, i.e. research conducted with a departure from the normative juridical aspect, which was then qualitatively analyzed by referring to relevant theories and principles. The findings of the study show that 1) By regulating payment services at these malls, PT. O collaborates with Lippo Group to form a single payment system that results in economic centralization by preventing other business actors from joining and carrying out their business activities. Meanwhile, G cooperates with certain airports to be the only platform for providing application-based public transportation and only provides one payment system that has been determined by G, thus preventing other business actors from entering the market and is proven to have violated Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition; and 2) In the instance of Lippo Group (PT.O) and I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport, the principle of balance is not applied by business actors in online-based service payment transactions. This is exhibited by the appointment of only one business actor to carry out activities, demonstrating that other business actors are not granted business prospects in that market.   Keywords: Principle of Balance; Online Payment; Business Competition. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-04-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4416 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1.4416 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022); 21-38 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4416/2245 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/4526 2026-01-19T15:21:11Z litigasi:ART

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PIDANA KERJA SOSIAL BERBASIS NILAI-NILAI HUKUM ADAT SUNDA IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PIDANA KERJA SOSIAL BERBASIS NILAI-NILAI HUKUM ADAT SUNDA Yustia, Rd. Dewi Asri Batubara, Gialdah Tapiansari Ludiana, Tia   Criminal sanctions against perpetrators of corruption crimes require extraordinary breakthrough according to the penal objectives, which is not only to provide a deterrent effect for the perpetrators, but also to provide benefits to the community by optimizing the competencies held by the perpetrators, since perpetrators of corruption are competent either in the aspects of social, economics and politics. The current criminal sanctions do not lead to the utilization of the potential possessed by the perpetrators of criminal acts. The focus still leads to deter the perpetrators only by providing severe criminal sanctions, namely by accumulating criminal sanctions in prison and fines, as well as other additional sanctions that focus on perpetrators, not on to interests of the state and society. The result of the research is to conceive the concept of social work sanctions that utilize the competence/expertise of the perpetrators to be able to provide great benefits to the community directly which implementation is based on the values ​​contained in Sundanese customary law, so that the objectives of the punishment are not only to correct the conduct of the perpetrators, but also to restore state financial losses, and to provide great benefits for the community. Keywords: Sanction of Community Service, values, Sundanese Customary Law, Purpose of Punishment.   Sanksi pidana untuk pelaku tindak pidana korupsi membutuhkan terobosan yang luar biasa berkaitan dengan tujuan pemidanaan, yang tidak hanya memberikan efek penjeraan bagi pelaku, tetapi juga memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat dengan mengoptimalkan kompentensi yang dimiliki oleh pelaku, karena pelaku korupsi memiliki kompentensi baik secara substansial (keilmuan), sosial, ekonomi maupun politis. Sanksi pidana yang sekarang berlaku tidak mengarah kepada pemanfaatan potensi yang dimiliki oleh pelaku tindak pidana. Konsentrasi sanksi masih mengarah pada penjeraan bagi pelaku saja dengan memberikan sanksi pidana yang berat, yaitu dengan mengkomulasikan sanksi pidana penjara dan denda, juga sanksi tambahan lainnya yang semua mengarah pada pelaku, tidak berorientasi pada kepentingan negara dan masyarakat, padahal kejahatan korupsi merupakan kejahatan yang sangat merugikan kepentingan negara termasuk di dalamnya adalah masyarakat, sehingga hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dibuat konsep sanksi pidana kerja sosial yang memanfaatkan kompentensi/keahlian pelaku untuk dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi masyarakat secara langsung dengan implementasi berlandaskan pada nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalam hukum adat sunda,, sehingga tujuan pemidanaan tidak hanya melakukan perbaikan bagi pelaku, tetapi juga mengembalikan kerugian keuangan negara, dan juga memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi mansyarakat. Kata Kunci : Pidana kerja sosial, nilai-nilai, hukum adat sunda, tujuan pemidanaan Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2021-10-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4526 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2.4526 LITIGASI; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021); 272-286 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4526/1947 Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/4710 2026-01-19T15:30:47Z litigasi:ART

PERBANDINGAN PENGATURAN TINDAK PIDANA PENODAAN AGAMA MENURUT KUHP INDONESIA DAN ISRAEL PENAL LAW 5737-1977 Pasaribu, Sanba Sheda Octora Fauzi, Muhamad Afri Penulisan hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan pengaturan Tindak Pidana Penodaan Agama berdasarkan KUHP Indonesia dan Israel Penal Law 5737-1977. Perbandingan tersebut meliputi perbedaan, persamaan, dan kelebihan serta kekurangan dari masing-masing peraturan perundang-undangan. Penulisan hukum ini termasuk pada golongan penulisan hukum normatif dengan sifat preskriptif dan terapan melalui pendekatan perbandingan. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan serta analisis data yang digunakan yakni dengan metode silogisme melalui pendekatan secara deduktif. Berdasarkan perbandingan pengaturan tindak pidana penodaan agama berdasarkan KUHP Indonesia dan Israel Penal Law 5737-1977  terdapat beberapa persamaan dan perbedaan. Melalui adanya persamaan dan perbedaan tersebut dapat diketahui aspek kelebihan dan kekurangan dari masing-masing pengaturan baik dari sisi KUHP Indonesia maupun dari Israel Penal Law 5737-1977. Sehingga dari perbandingan tersebut dapat ditemukan beberapa kelebihan dari Peraturan Israel Penal Law 5737-1977 tentang Tindak Pidana Penodaan Agama di Israel yang dapat menjadi masukan untuk pembaharuan peraturan KUHP Indonesia tentang tindak pidana penodaan agama di Indonesia, sehingga aspek regulasi terkait Tindak Pidana Penodaan Agama di Indonesia menjadi lebih baik.   Kata kunci: Penodaan Agama, KUHP Indonesia, Israel Penal Law 5737-1977. This legal writing aims to find out the comparison of the regulation of the Criminal Offense of Blasphemy based on the Indonesian Penal Code and the Israeli Penal Law 5737-1977. The comparison includes differences, similarities, and advantages and disadvantages of each legislation. This legal writing belongs to the category of normative legal writing with a prescriptive and applied nature through a comparative approach. The sources of legal materials used in this research are primary and secondary legal materials. Data collection techniques were carried out through library research and data analysis used, namely the syllogism method through a deductive approach. Based on the comparison of the regulation of the crime of blasphemy based on the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Israeli Penal Law 5737-1977, there are several similarities and differences. Through these similarities and differences, it can be seen the advantages and disadvantages of each arrangement, both from the Indonesian Criminal Code and from the Israeli Penal Law 5737-1977.  With this comparison, it is found that several advantages of the Israeli Penal Law 5737-1977 on Crime of Blasphemy of Religion in Israel which can be adopted into Indonesian Criminal Code concerning the governing of blasphemy of religion in Indonesia for the reformation of Indonesian Penal Code. Keywords: Blasphemy, Indonesian Criminal Code, Israel Penal Law. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-04-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4710 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1.4710 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022); 39-60 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4710/2246 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/4773 2026-01-19T15:30:47Z litigasi:ART

UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA DI TENGAH HIMPITAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA DI TENGAH HIMPITAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 Irawan, Atang The Job Creation Act is believed to be able to end the obesity of statutory regulations in Indonesia which often creates disharmony between laws and regulations which results in sectoral ego and bureaucracy in providing government services to the people, both in the form of permit and non-permit. The spirit of the Job Creation Act in the context of regulatory simplification is expected to accelerate national economic recovery in the midst of a pandemic and to cut bureaucracy in services for investment and MSMEs. However, along the way, the Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 has stated that Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation does not have conditionally binding legal force as long as it is not interpreted as "no amendment are made within 2 (two) years, even if it cannot be resolved, it becomes permanently unconstitutional and the amended and revoked law is declared to be reinstated. This research is a normative legal research or literature research (doctrinal research), which uses primary and secondary legal materials. These two materials are used in order to obtain a comprehensive analysis and perspective on the legal issues discussed. This research was conducted in order to analyze the job creation law after the Constitutional Court's decision. The Job Creation Act is still in effect but cannot be implemented, therefore the government as the initiator must immediately assign the Minister of Law and Human Rights to revise the Job Creation Law as soon as possible so that the process of procedure and its formation with Law No. 12 of 2011, or amendment to Law No. 12 In 2011 by adding the omnibus method and the procedure for its formation.   Keywords: Conditional unconstitutional. Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja diyakini dapat mengakhiri obesitas peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia yang acap kali menimbulkan disharmoni diantara peraturan perundang-undangan yang berakibat pada ego sectoral dan birokratisnya penyelengara pelayanan pemerintah terhadap rakyat baik dalam bentuk perizinan dan non perizinan. Semangat Undang-Undang Cipta kerja dalam rangka simplikasi regulasi diharapkan dapat mempercepat pemulihan ekonomi nasional ditengah-tengah pandemic dan memangkas birokrasi dalam pelayanan terhadap investasi serta UMKM. Namun dalam perjalanannya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 telah menyatakan Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat secara bersyarat sepanjang tidak dimaknai “tidak dilakukan perbaikan dalam waktu 2 (dua) tahun, bahkan apabila tidak dapat terselesaikan maka menjadi inkonstitusional permanen dan undang-undang yang diubah serta dicabut dinyatakan berlaku kembali”. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan (doctrinal research), yang menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Kedua bahan tersebut digunakan dalam rangka memperoleh analisis yang komprehensif dan perspektif terhadap permasalahan hukum yang dibahas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam rangka menganalisis Undang-Undang Cipta kerja pasca putusan MK. Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja masih berlaku namun tidak dapat diimplementasikan, maka dengan demikian pemerintah sebagai inisiator harus segera menugaskan Menteri Hukum dan Ham untuk segera memperbaiki Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja agar disesuaikan proses tata cara serta pembentukannya dengan Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2011, atau melakukan perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2011 dengan menambahkan metode omnibus dan tata cara pembentukannya.     Kata kunci : Inkonstitusional Bersyarat. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-04-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4773 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1.4773 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022); 101-133 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/4773/2249 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/5030 2026-01-19T15:30:47Z litigasi:ART

KEWENANGAN BADAN PEMERIKSA KEUANGAN DALAM MELAKUKAN PEMERIKSAAN DANA DESA YANG BERSUMBER DARI APBN KEWENANGAN BADAN PEMERIKSA KEUANGAN DALAM MELAKUKAN PEMERIKSAAN DANA DESA YANG BERSUMBER DARI APBN Mutawalli, Muhammad This research was conducted in order to understand and be able to describe the form of authority of the Audit Board of Indonesia under Law No. 15, 2006 concerning the Audit Board of Indonesia regarding the audit of village funds sourced from the state budget in village administration reviewed from the state administration system in Indonesia. The discussion in this writing is about what is the standing of the Audit Board of Indonesia in auditing the village fund in the village administration and the authority of the board in auditing the fund at the village administration. This research used normative approach through scientific study and aimed to ensure the concrete and conformity of the board authority normatively. The research was conducted through library research by studying and analyzing written legal materials and supported with the statements of informant and correspondent involved. The findings concluded that the Audit Board of Indonesia as the state organ of Indonesia with vital task to audit the state budget that can be considered as the Supreme Audit Institute either in the level of central government or the regional level. The authority of the board in the level of village administration to audit the village fund that comes from the state budget is a political movement of the government and is considered as the state will in realizing the good governance as the state program. However, in the implementation, the Audit Board of Indonesia has established its representatives in each province of Indonesia in which, unfortunately, the regional representative seemed meaningless since the board representatives have to answer to the Head and Deputy Head of the board regarding the examination and audit of the village fund of the state budget. The author suggests to promulgate additional concrete and clear provisions on the duty of the representatives of the board in every province. Keyword: BPK (the Audit Board of Indonesia) Village Fund, Village Administration. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka untuk memahami dan mampu menjabarkan bentuk kewenangan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2006 tentang BPK RI perihal pemeriksaan dana desa bersumber dari APBN dalam pemerintahan desa ditinjau dalam system ketatanegaraan di indonesia. Pembahasan yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini diantaranya, bagaimanakah kedudukan BPKP sebagai perwakilan BPK dalam penyelenggaraan pemeriksaan dana desa dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, serta bagaimana kewenangan BPK dihubungkan dengan pemeriksaan dana desa bersumber dari APBN di pemerintahan desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif, dengan pengkajian secara ilmiah dan bertujuan untuk memastikan kekonkritan dan kesesuaian kewenangan BPK secara normatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan melakukan kajian kepustakaan dengan mengkaji dan menganalisis bahan hukum yang tertulis dan didukung dengan keterangan dari informan dan koresponden yang terlibat. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Keberadaan BPK sebagai lembaga negara dalam sistem ketatanegaraan di Indonesia merupakan salah satu lembaga negara yang memiliki tugas vital terhadap kewenangan memeriksa keuangan negara yang dapat disebut sebagai Supreme Audit Institute baik ditingkat pemerintah pusat hingga di daerah. Kewenangan BPK ditingkat pemerintahan desa dalam memeriksa dana desa yang bersumber dari APBN merupakan suatu langkah politik hukum pemerintah dan dinilai sebagai kehendak negara dalam menciptakan good governance yang juga merupakan program strategis pemerintah. Akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya sesungguhnya BPK telah memiliki BPK perwakilan disetiap provinsi-provinsi yang ada, akan tetapi fungsi BPK perwakilan seakan tidak berarti dikarenakan segala bentuk pelaksanaan kewenangan pemeriksaan dana desa bersumber dari APBN oleh BPK, BPK perwakilan wajib melakukan koordinasi terhadap ketua dan wakil ketua BPK RI terkait dengan akan dilakukannya pemeriksaan dan pengauditan dana desa yang bersumber dari APBN. Penulis menyarankan agar adanya aturan tambahan mengenai penjabaran tugas BPK Perwakilan di setiap provinsi secara konkrit dan jelas. Kata kunci: Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, Dana Desa, Pemerintahan Desa. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-04-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5030 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1.5030 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022); 61-82 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5030/2247 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/5077 2026-01-19T15:30:25Z litigasi:ART

PENERAPAN ASAS-ASAS UMUM PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN PENERAPAN ASAS-ASAS UMUM PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN Aris, Mohamad Syaiful Tambunan, Ezra Putri, Dita Elvia Kusuma Nugraha, Xavier Public service is a series of actions carried out in order to meet the service needs of each citizen. In the department of corrections, public service arrangements also hold an essential element in creating a quality environment. It is on the reason that prisoners as god's creatures are also entitled to proper service as is guaranteed by article 34 verses (3) of Constitution 1945. On the other hand, in implementing abovementioned, service in correctional service is not actually implemented properly. This is due to many factors, such as shortage of prison officers, overcrowded prison, and other factors.  Based on abovementioned, the author formulated 2 (two) legal problems: a) the prisoner's right to good public service under the Correctional Service Act; and b) AUPB applications upon service arrangements in the penitentiary. The method of research is legal research. It is concluded that: a) eventhough a convict has committed an offense, the state has to ensure he gets proper service during his time; b) Public service officers in prison should always refer its conduct to the General Principles of Good Governance such as impartiality, good service, and principle to not commit abuse of power. Keywords: Penitentiary, Public Services, AUPB. Pelayanan publik merupakan serangkaian tindakan yang dilaksanakan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan pelayanan setiap warga negara. Di lingkungan lembaga permasyarakatan (Lapas), penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik berperan penting dalam menciptakan  lingkungan Lapas yang berkualitas. Hal tersebut didasarkan, karena narapidana sebagai makhluk ciptaan Tuhan juga berhak memperoleh pelayanan publik yang layak sebagaimana dijamin dalam pasal 34 ayat (3) UUD NRI 1945. Disisi lain, dalam implementasinya, pelaksanaan pelayanan publik pada Lapas nyatanya belum terselenggara secara baik dan berkualitas. Hal ini disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, seperti jumlah petugas lapas yang tidak sebanding dengan jumlah narapidana, permasalahan overcrowded lapas, maupun factor lainnya.  Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, penulis menguaraikan 2 (dua) rumusan masalah: a) Hak Narapidana dalam Memperoleh Pelayanan Publik Yang Baik ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Permasyarakatan; dan b) Penerapan AUPB dalam Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik di Lapas. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian yuridis normatif (legal research). Melalui tulisan ini, terdapat 2 (dua) rumusan masalah, yaitu a) Seorang narapaidana, selama berada dalam proses pembinaan di Lapas, berhak mendapatkan pelayanan publik yang baik b) Penyelenggara pelayanan publik dalam lapas harus senantiasa melandaskan tindakannya kepada Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB), seperti asas ketidakberpihakan, asas pelayanan yang baik, dan asas tidak menyalahgunakan wewenang. Kata Kunci:  Lembaga Permasyarakatan, Pelayanan Publik, AUPB. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5077 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.5077 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022); 253-271 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5077/2506 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/5181 2026-01-19T15:30:25Z litigasi:ART

EDUCATIONAL FAIR USE & DIGITAL LEARNING: COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDONESIA & MYANMAR Mayana, Ranti Fauza Santika, Tisni Win, Yin Yin The utilization of copyrighted works for educational purposes under the doctrine of fair use is globally accepted, however, the limit and the implementation measures are not clearly defined. In the age of digital learning where the creation, utilization, and dissemination of information in general and copyrighted works, in particular, have become borderless, it’s critical to analyze the proper implementation of educational fair use. Using  juridical normative approach combined with analytical study and comparative study between Indonesia and Myanmar Copyright Law, this research found that both Indonesia and Myanmar Copyright Law provide important exceptions that are specifically aimed at non-commercial educational purposes and public library archival context, however, the implementing regulations of the educational fair use still non-existence. To optimally and effectively implement the doctrine of fair use for educational purposes in the digital age it’s important to adopt globally accepted official guidelines to determine educational fair use more comprehensively followed by synergy, partnership, and collaboration between government, academics, and libraries in formulating both legal and digital infrastructures to guarantee that the implementation of educational fair use in digital age learning complies with national legislation and compliance with international copyright regulations. Keywords:  Copyright Law, Digital Learning, Educational Fair Use. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5181 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.5181 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022); 217-233 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5181/2503 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/5287 2026-01-19T15:30:47Z litigasi:ART

PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM PENGELOLAAN USAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL SEBAGAI PERSEROAN PERORANGAN PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM PENGELOLAAN USAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL SEBAGAI PERSEROAN PERORANGAN Mohamad Zen, Luthfi Sumiyati, Yeti Law No. 11, 2020 concerning Job Creation was enacted with the objectives to increase the business climate and to open as many as possible job opportunity. In the regulation, it is recognized a new form of company that is individual company of micro and small business. This business can be founded by an individual who owns the company’s shares. It certainly raised questions considering that limited company and the small business are two different things. This writing will discuss about the potential conflict of interest and violation of the principle of accountability in managing an individual company. The method used in this research was juridical normative with statute and conceptual approaches. The research specification was descriptive analytical. The research found that the Job Creation Act stipulation on the establishment of individual small business as an individual company is incorrect. When a particular company can be established by an individual who owns all the shares, it can create a huge conflict of interest. It surely can make the company so untransparent that the decisions made by the organ of the company to be subjective. In addition, it can make the organ of the company difficult in carrying out its duties in accordance with its duties and responsibilities.   Keywords: Omnibus Law, Individual Company Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja disahkan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan iklim usaha dan membuka lapangan kerja yang seluas-luasnya. Dalam peraturan ini dikenal bentuk baru perseroan yaitu Perseroan Perorangan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK). Perseroan Perorangan UMK ini dapat didirikan dan sahamnya dapat dimiliki oleh satu orang saja. Hal ini tentu menimbulkan pertanyaan mengingat Perseroan Terbatas dan UMK adalah dua hal yang berbeda. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji mengenai potensi benturan kepentingan serta potensi pelanggaran prinsip akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan perseroan perorangan umk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan Undang-Undang dan metode konseptual. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis. Hasil kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa UU Cipta Kerja dalam pengaturannya tentang UMK yang dapat didirikan sebagai perseroan perorangan dianggap tidak tepat. Apabila suatu perusahaan dapat didirikan dan sahamnya hanya dimiliki oleh satu orang maka kemungkinan untuk merangkap jabatan yang dapat menimbulkan benturan kepentingan akan sangat besar. Hal ini tentunya akan membuat perusahaan tidak transparan, sehingga keputusan yang diambil oleh organ perusahaan akan sangat subjektif. Selain itu hal ini juga dapat menyebabkan organ perseroan kesulitan dalam melaksanakan kewajibannya sesuai dengan tugas dan kewajibannya.   Kata Kunci: Cipta Kerja, Perseroan Perorangan Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-04-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5287 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1.5287 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022); 83-100 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5287/2248 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/5608 2026-01-19T15:30:25Z litigasi:ART

ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP PENOLAKAN SUAMI MENGUCAPKAN IKRAR TALAK DALAM PERKARA PERCERAIAN ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP PENOLAKAN SUAMI MENGUCAPKAN IKRAR TALAK DALAM PERKARA PERCERAIAN Soleh, Yudi Prihartanto A husband who does not want to divorce may apply to the Religious Courts with the intention to delay the divorce by not declaring the pledge of divorce even though the case is final and binding. If the wife who files for divorce and the case has been decided, automatically the husband and wife are divorced. In case the divorce is filed at the same time, either one cannot file any lawsuit. When the husband does not exercise his right to make a divorce pledge, the wife then can only file a "Divorce Lawsuit" when the case filed by her husband is completed. This hinders the wife to file a divorce that may lead to unclear domestic situation. This study uses a normative juridical method with statutory and analytical approach through multidisciplinary approach, namely from aspects of Marriage Law, Religious Court Law, and KHI. The results showed that by filing a lawsuit in reconvention by the wife, if the husband does not declare the pledge after the decision is final, the divorce can still occur. Thus, the husband cannot impede the process of divorce that can harm the wife. Keywords: Husband's Rejection; Pledge of Divorce; Divorce Case. Dalam rumah tangga yang sudah tidak harmonis, suami yang tidak ingin bercerai bisa mengajukan permohonan cerai talak ke PA dengan maksud menghambat perceraian, dengan jalan perkaranya sudah inkracht dan pengadilan memberikan izin untuk mengucapkan ikrar talak, suami tidak mengucapkannya, sehingga perceraian tidak terjadi. Jika isteri yang mengajukan gugatan dan perkara telah diputus, maka otomatis terjadi perceraian. Jika salah satu pihak sudah mengajukan gugatan/permohonan terlebih dahulu maka pihak suami atau isteri yang digugat tidak dapat mengajukan gugatan pada saat bersamaan. Ketika suami tidak menggunakan haknya untuk mengucapkan ikrar talak maka isteri baru dapat mengajukan “Gugatan Perceraian” ketika perkara permohonan cerai talak yang diajukan selesai, sehingga membuat isteri terhambat untuk mengajukan gugatan perceraian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan analitis melalui pendekatan multidisiplin yaitu pendekatan dari aspek UU Perkawinan, UU Peradilan Agama, dan KHI. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa  gugatan dalam rekonvensi oleh pihak isteri diharapkan jika suami setelah putusan permohonan cerai talak telah inkracht tetapi tidak mengucapkan ikrar talak, maka perceraian yang dikehendaki oleh isteri tersebut dapat terlaksana. Dengan demikian, suami tidak dapat menghambat isteri dengan memperlambat proses perceraian, memanfaatkan proses hukum yang dapat merugikan pihak isteri. Kata Kunci: Penolakan Suami; Ikrar Talak; Perkara Perceraian. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5608 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.5608 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022); 171-190 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5608/2507 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/5786 2026-01-19T15:30:25Z litigasi:ART

RELEVANSI KEBIJAKAN TPPA 2011 TERHADAP NEGARA-NEGARA ANGGOTA WTO DALAM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL RELEVANSI KEBIJAKAN TPPA 2011 TERHADAP NEGARA-NEGARA ANGGOTA WTO DALAM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL Sidiqah, Meliyani Tobacco Plain Packaging Act (TPPA) 2011 is one of the laws enacted by Australia which is opposed by tobacco producing countries because it requires plain packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products. The purpose of this research are to find out the relevance of the TPPA 2011 promulgated by Australia to the trade provisions in the WTO, and to find out the legal consequences for WTO members that have bilateral relation with Australia. The specifications of this research is descriptive. The type of research is normative juridicial research. The approach method is statute approach, and case aprroach. The data collection technique is through the study of primary, secondary and tertiary legal material which are analyzed using qualitative methods. The first result is, TPPA 2011 is not relevant to the trade provisions in the WTO. The second result is the WTO members that have bilateral relation with Australia must be willing to comply with the TPPA 2011. Keywords: Australia; cigarette plain packaging;TPPA 2011. Tobacco Plain Packaging Act (TPPA) 2011 merupakan salah satu undang-undang yang dibuat Australia yang kebijakannya ditentang negara-negara produsen tembakau karena mewajibkan kemasan polos rokok dan produk-produk tembakau lainnya. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mengetahui relevansi TPPA 2011 yang dibuat Australia dengan ketentuan perdagangan di WTO, dan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum bagi negara-negara anggota WTO yang memiliki hubungan bilateral dengan Austalia. Spesifikasi penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Jenis penelitiannya adalah yuridis normatif. Metode pendekatannya adalah metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan metode pendekatan kasus (case approach). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumen bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang pertama, TPPA 2011 tidak relevan dengan ketentuan perdagangan di WTO. Hasil penelitian yang kedua, negara-negara anggota WTO yang memiliki hubungan bilateral dengan Australia harus bersedia tunduk kepada TPPA 2011. Kata Kunci: Australia; kemasan polos rokok; TPPA 2011. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5786 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.5786 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022); 191-216 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5786/2502 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/5929 2026-01-19T15:30:25Z litigasi:ART

IMPLIKASI UNDANG-UNDANG TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ASPEK PERLINDUNGAN KORBAN IMPLIKASI UNDANG-UNDANG TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ASPEK PERLINDUNGAN KORBAN Hertini, Mega Fitri Karlina, Dina Herlina, Hj. Ismawati, Sri Maryana, Lina Addhauly, Dio Aswad This research aims to review the implications of Anti-Sexual Violence Act which is focused on the aspect of victim protection. This research uses a socio-legal approach. Considering that sexual violence can occur in any locations and even the perpetrators can be victims’ closest relatives. The substantive of the law is to provide protection to the victims, including victims of revenge porn which can be defined as the distribution of pornographic content as a form of revenge against victims. This is stated in Article 4 Paragraph 1 of the aforesaid act, that there are at least nine criminal acts of sexual violence. The Act on the Crime of Sexual Violence has been officially promulgated through the State Gazette after it was enacted in the Plenary Meeting on April 12, 2022. The passing of the law is a historic moment that has been long awaited by the public. The presence of regulation is considered to be an evidence of the struggle of victims. Therefore, it is very important to see the implications of the law from victim protection aspect, in addition to the law as a legal protection instrument for the victims of sexual violence. Keywords: Implications, Sexual Violence, Victim Protection. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mereview implikasi UU TPKS yang difokuskan pada Aspek perlindungan korban. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal. Bermula dari Kekerasan seksual dapat terjadi dimana saja dan oleh siapa saja bahkan pelakunya bisa dari kerabat terdekat. Isi UU TPKS lainnya yaitu memberikan perlindungan kepada korban termasuk korban revenge porn atau penyebaran konten pornografi dengan modus balas dendam kepada korban. Hal ini tertuang dalam Pasal 4 Ayat 1 yang menyebutkan setidaknya ada sembilan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual. Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS) sudah resmi diundangkan melalui Lembaran Negara setelah disahkan dalam Rapat Paripurna pada 12 April 2022. Pengesahan UU TPKS ini menjadi momen bersejarah yang telah lama ditunggu-tunggu oleh masyarakat. Dengan hadirnya UU TPKS ini dapat menjadi bukti perjuangan bagi para korban kekerasan seksual. Oleh karena itu penting sekali untuk melihat implikasi UU TPKS ini dari aspek perlindungan korban, selain undang-undang sebagai payung hukum yang jelas diperlukan juga instrument perlindungan hukum yang jelas bagi korban tindak pidana kekerasan seksual. Kata Kunci: Implikasi, Kekerasan Seksual, Perlindungan Korban. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5929 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.5929 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022); 135-170 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5929/2501 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/6128 2026-01-19T15:30:25Z litigasi:ART

KOMPARASI PENGGUNAAN ANALYSIS REGULATORY METHOD SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENDUKUNG KEBIJAKAN DALAM PENYUSUNAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN KOMPARASI PENGGUNAAN ANALYSIS REGULATORY METHOD SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENDUKUNG KEBIJAKAN DALAM PENYUSUNAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN Ihsanul Maarif, Ihsanul Arifin, Firdaus The promulgation of laws has been stipulated in Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Guidelines for the Promulgation of Laws, which has been changed post enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022 on Second Amendment of  Law Number 12 of 2011, one of which is the application of the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) and the Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process Method, and Ideology (ROCCIPI) as the basis for the Establishment of Legal Products in e Academic Manuscript of the Bill of Law/Regional Regulation.  Integrating the methods into Academic Manuscripts is incorrect considering that it serves as the justification (philosophical, sociological, and juridical) which is academic or scientific in nature upon the conclusion of Laws and Regional Regulations. (RIA) is an analysis method of policies that acts as a companion to academic manuscripts called the RIA Statement. This is interesting to study of how is the development of the RIA and ROCCIPI in promulgating laws? How do the techniques for preparing academic manuscripts pre and post the enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 compare? Keywords: Regulatory Impact Analysis; Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process, and Ideology; Legal Products. Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pedoman Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan, yang pada perkembangannya mengalami perubahan pasca diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 13 tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 tahun 2011, dimana salah satu perubahannya adalah diberlakukannya metode Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) dan Metode Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process, dan Ideology (ROCCIPI) sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam Pembentukan Produk Hukum yang termuat dalam Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang/Peraturan Daerah. Pengintegrasian metode analisis kebijakan regulasi kedalam Naskah Akademik dipandang kurang tepat, mengingat Naskah Akdemik berfungsi sebagai dasar pembenar (filosofis, sosiologis, dan yuridis) yang bersifat akademis atau ilmiah atas pembentukan Undang-Undang maupun Peraturan Daerah. Sedangkan (RIA) merupakan sebuah metode analisis terhadap kebijakan yang berperan sebagai pendamping Naskah Akademik atau disebut dengan RIA Statement. Hal tersebut menarik untuk dikaji berkenaan dengan bagaimana perkembangan metode (RIA) dan (ROCCIPI) dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan? Bagaimana perbandingan teknik penyusunan naskah akademik sebelum dan sesudah diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 tahun 2011? Kata Kunci: Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA); Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process, dan Ideology (ROCCIPI); Produk Hukum. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6128 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.6128 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022); 272-290 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6128/2504 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/6208 2026-01-19T15:29:10Z litigasi:ART

PENGAWASAN PELAKSANAAN KESEPAKATAN MEDIASI PENAL DALAM PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PADA TAHAPAN PENYIDIKAN PENGAWASAN PELAKSANAAN KESEPAKATAN MEDIASI PENAL DALAM PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PADA TAHAPAN PENYIDIKAN Oktobrian, Dwiki Hendriana, Rani Retnaningrum, Dwi Hapsari Nurhuda, Muhammad Lukman Restorative justice in the investigation is carried out by using the penal mediation method which provides an opportunity for the Victim and the Perpetrator in a participatory way to formulate a peace agreement facilitated by the Investigator. Penal mediation comes from civil mediation with problems in the process of drafting an agreement which must be ensured that it comes purely from the Parties. This research is a socio legal research conducted at the Directorate of General Criminal Investigation of the Regional Police of Central Java and the Indonesian Advocates Association of the Semarang Branch of the Leadership Council with the methods of interviewing, observing, and reviewing case files. This research examines two problems: how the process of preparing a penal mediation agreement fits into the application of restorative justice at the investigation stage, and how to supervise the implementation of a penal mediation agreement at the investigation stage. The results of the study show that the penal mediation agreement was prepared by the Parties themselves, facilitated by the Investigator, but did not involve the community so that the orientation of returning to social harmonization was not felt. Keywords: Restorative Justice, Penal Mediation, and Investigation. Restorative justice dalam penyidikan dilaksanakan dengan menggunaan metode mediasi penal yang memberikan kesempatan kepada Korban dan Pelaku secara partisipatif meenyusun kesepakatan perdamaian yang difasilitasi oleh Penyidik. Mediasi penal berasal dari mediasi keperdataan dengan problematika proses menyusun kesepakatan yang harus dipastikan murni berasal dari Para Pihak bukan dari Penyidik dan komitmen Para Pihak untuk melaksanakan kesepakatan perdamaian. Penelitian ini merupakan socio legal reseach yang dilakukan di Direktorat Reserse Kriminal Umum Kepolisian Daerah Jawa Tengah dan Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia Dewan Pimpinan Cabang Semarang dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan telaah berkas perkara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kesepakatan mediasi penal disusun sendiri oleh Para Pihak yang difasilitasi Penyidik namun belum melibatkan masyarakat sehingga orientasi pengembalian harmonisasi sosial tidak begitu terasa. Selain itu, komitmen melaksanakan mediasi penal belum mempertegas harus dilaksanakan secara tuntas atau tidak boleh secara mencicil sehingga risiko wanprestasi atau ingkar janji masih berpeluang terjadi dan akan menimbulkan permasalahan di kemudian hari bagi Para Pihak termasuk Penyidik sendiri.    Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6208 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1.6208 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023); 14-39 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6208/2964 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/6213 2026-01-19T15:29:10Z litigasi:ART

KONSISTENSI KAIDAH HUKUM TENTANG KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI TANAH DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI TANAH DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN Sukamto, Iwan Prianto, Yuwono The majority of land distribution in Indonesia is controlled by companies. Only 2.7 million hectares  of the land are allocated for the community, while companies control the 94.8 percent of the land. The unequal distribution of land raises problems in the food security sector. This study examines the consistency of legal rules related to land distribution in the context of food security. For this reason, normative legal research is used based on secondary data collected which is analysed qualitatively using deductive logic. The policies on land distribution in supporting food security faced many obstacles and constraints because it is unable to accommodate strategic factors in the land sector, resulting in conflict of laws and regulations that have an impact on the slow distribution of agricultural land. Keywords: Agrarian Reform, Food Security, Inequality, Land Distribution. Mayoritas distribusi tanah di Indonesia dikuasai oleh perseroan. Hanya 2,7 juta hektare yang dialokasikan bagi masyarakat, sementara 94,8 persen dikuasai oleh perseroan. Ketimpangan distribusi lahan itu memunculkan permasalahan sektor ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang implementasi dan konsistensi kaidah hukum terkait distribusi tanah dalam rangka ketahanan pangan. Untuk itu digunakan penelitian hukum normatif yang berbasis pada data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan logika deduktif. Implementasi kebijakan tentang distribusi tanah dalam menunjang ketahanan pangan mengalami banyak hambatan dan kendala, karena tidak mampu mengakomodasikan faktor faktor strategis di bidang pertanahan, sehingga mengakibatkan ketidakselarasan peraturan perundang undangan yang berdampak pada lambannya distribusi tanah pertanian Kata Kunci: distribusi tanah, ketahanan pangan, ketimpangan, reformasi agraria.   Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6213 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1.6213 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023); 1-13 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6213/2963 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/6216 2026-01-19T15:30:25Z litigasi:ART

PENDIDIKAN HUKUM DI ERA DIGITALISASI DIGITALISASI PENDIDIKAN HUKUM Susanto, Anthon F. Septianita, Hesti Tedjabuana, Rosa Pratama, Mohammad Alvi The world has changed into a reality engineered through logic digital known as artificial intelligence. When the intelligence develops in rapid fashion into conscience like human, the potential game, website and other network and digital facility will drastically be increasing. Methods used is a participative-mixed method model of research with four approaches which are philosophical, conceptual, socio-legal and textual-critique approaches with literature study data collecting technique. In this era of artificial intelligence, legal education should be reborn with new face, education with commitment to respond digital development without ignoring the value of wisdom. Legal education will lead to the development of practical skill and is based on values of wisdom. Legal education should establish cultural-based curriculum as legal education is an education of behavior. Legal education should be adapted with global values but paying attention to local aspects or on the other hand maintaining rational education and constructing sense of logic and retaining good practical skill and the concern to marginalized community. That is what future legal education should be. Keywords: Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Legal Education. Dunia telah berubah menjadi realitas yang direkayasa melalui nalar digital yang dikenal dengan istilah  artificial intelligence. Ketika kecerdasan berkembang dengan cepat menuju tingkat kesadaran seperti manusia, maka potensi gim dan situs, web dan jaringan lain dan fasilitas digital akan meningkat secara drastik.  Metode yang digunakan berupa model penelitian mixed method yang partisipatoris dengan empat pendekatan yaitu, pendekatan filosofis, konseptual, sosio-legal, dan metode kritik teks dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa telaah literature. Di era kecerdasan artifisial, pendidikan hukum harus lahir dengan wajah baru, wajah yang tetap berkomitmen untuk merespon perkembangan digital, namun tetap tidak melupakan nilai  kearifan. Pendidikan hukum akan tetap mengarah kepada pengembangan kemampuan praktikal (keahlian), namun dilandasi  nilai kearifan, pendidikan harus membangun kurikulum berbasis berkebudayaan, sebagaimana pendidikan hukum sesungguhnya adalah pendidikan perilaku. Pendidikan hukum harus tetap beradaptasi dengan nilai global dan memperhatikan aspek lokal, atau dengan kata lain mempertahankan yang rasional dan dengan membangun logika rasa, tetap memeiliki kepampuan praktikal yang baik, sekalipun kepedulian kepada masyarakat tertindas. Inilah arah baru pendidikan hukum di masa depan. Kata kunci ; Digitalisasi, Artificial Intelligence, Pendidikan Hukum. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6216 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.6216 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022); 234-252 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6216/2509 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/6321 2026-01-19T15:30:25Z litigasi:ART

KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA KEARIFAN SPIRITUAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN Rahayu, Mella Ismelina Farma Susanto, Anthon F. Muliya, Liya Sukma This paper will describe and examine local wisdom values that are implemented in environmental law education in Indonesia. Environmental law education is now more oriented towards liberal environmental law education so that it ignores the values of local wisdom. Based on this, the problem that arises is how about local wisdom can be the basis for environmental law education by internalizing local wisdom in environmental law teaching materials. The study in this paper uses m The research approach method is normative juridical. Secondary data were gathered through literature searches and analyzed using qualitative legal analysis to reach conclusions using a deductive syllogism.From the results of the study, it was concluded that klocal wisdom is full of spiritual meaning and ethical values. This local wisdom rests on the philosophy of values, ethics, and ways of behaving and behaving that are traditionally institutionalized. This is an important basis for environmental law education, which is a guide for humans when dealing with their environment. Keyword : Wisdom, Values, Education, Environmental Law. Tulisan ini akan menguraikan dan mengkaji nilai-nilai spiritual yang hidup dalam kearifan lokal yang terimplementasikan dalam pendidikan hukum lingkungan di Indonesia. Pendidikan hukum lingkungan sekarang lebih berorientasi pada pendidikan hukum lingkungan liberal sehingga mengabaikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, persoalan yang timbul adalah sejauh manakah kearifan lokal dapat menjadi landasan bagi pendidikan hukum lingkungan dengan cara menginternalisasi kearifan lokal dalam materi ajar mata kuliah hukum lingkungan. Kajian dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode pendekatan penelitian yaitu yuridis normatif.  Data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis yuridis kualitatif sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan dengan menggunakan silogisme deduksi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kearifan lokal sarat dengan makna spiritual dan nilai-nilai etika. Kearifan lokal ini bersandar pada filosofi nilai-nilai, etika, cara berprilaku dan bersikap yang melembaga secara tradisional. Hal ini merupakan dasar yang penting bagi pendidikan hukum lingkungan yang menjadi panduan bagi manusia ketika berelasi dengan lingkungannya. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2022-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6321 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.6321 LITIGASI; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022); 291-303 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6321/2505 Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/6951 2026-01-19T15:36:00Z litigasi:ART

POLITIK HUKUM KEWARGANEGARAAN INDONESIA: STUDI TERHADAP STATUS WARGANEGARA YANG MENJADI FOREIGN TERORIST FIGHTERS (FTF) ISIS POLITIK HUKUM KEWARGANEGARAAN INDONESIA: STUDI TERHADAP STATUS WARGANEGARA YANG MENJADI FOREIGN TERORIST FIGHTERS (FTF) ISIS Kustiwa, Iwa Harijanti, Susi Dwi Wulandari, Widati Government policy reflects the extent to which Indonesian citizenship law accommodates the issue of Foreign Terrorist Fighter (FTF)s, as well as future projections of what can be done against FTF based on related laws and regulations, especially those related to citizenship laws. The method used in this study is normative juridical, with data collection through literature study. The results showed that the citizenship status of Foreign Terrorist Fighters from Indonesia based on a human rights perspective, the state can only revoke a person's citizenship based on a court decision. A person's citizenship status is a fundamental right, and a precious right, therefore, the rights of every citizen must be recognized, respected, protected, facilitated, and fulfilled by the state. In solving the problem of citizenship status of former FTF from Indonesia, it is necessary to improve performance and cooperation in the deradicalization process by all elements of the Government and Law Enforcement Officers commanded by the National Counterterrorism Agency and the development of sterile area infrastructure with a high security system to carry out the deradicalization process while carrying out the FTF citizenship status determination trial process. Keywords: Law, Citizenship, Foreign Terrorist Fighters. Kebijakan pemerintah mencerminkan sejauh mana hukum kewarganegaraan Indonesia mengakomodir persoalan Foreign Terorist Fighters (FTF), sekaligus proyeksi kedepan apa yang dapat dilakukan terhadap FTF  berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, khususnya berkaitan dengan Undang-undang Kewarganegaraan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kewarganegaraan FTF asal Indonesia berdasarkan persepektif Hak Asasi Manusia, negara hanya boleh mencabut kewarganegaraan seseorang atas dasar putusan pengadilan. Status kewarganegaraan seseorang adalah hak fundamental, dan hak berharga (precious rights) maka dari itu, hak setiap warga negara wajib diakui (recognized), dihormati (respected), dilindungi (protected), difasilitasi (facilitated), dan dipenuhi oleh negara. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah status kewarganegaran mantan FTF asal Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja dan kerjasama dalam proses deradikalisasi oleh seluruh elemen Pemerintahan dan Aparat Penegak Hukum dengan dikomandoi oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) serta pembangunan infrastruktur kawasan steril dengan system keamanan tinggi untuk melakukan proses deradikalisasi sembari menjalankan proses persidangan penentuan status kewarganegaraan FTF. Kata Kunci: Hukum, Kewarganegaraan, Foreign Terorist Fighters. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6951 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1.6951 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023); 85-109 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/6951/2966 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/7129 2026-01-19T15:29:10Z litigasi:ART

URGENSI PENGESAHAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERAMPASAN ASET TINDAK PIDANA DALAM MENCEGAH DAN MEMBERANTAS TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG Abdulgani, Rika Kurniasari A form of crime that often occurs in Indonesia is money laundering. Indonesia is declared as one of the Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories (NCTTs) countries with the threat of sanctions for termination of international banks with Indonesian banks, other countries will reject Letters of Credit (L/C) issued by Indonesian banks and Indonesian financial institutions will be charged high fees in every financial transaction with foreign institutions. Indonesia itself only criminalized money laundering in 2002 with the enactment of Law Number 15 of 2002. The Criminal Asset Forfeiture Bill is carried out by the in rem forfeiture method by asserting that a legal action is taken against the asset, not against the individual (in rem personam) with emphasis on assets allegedly derived or used in criminal acts. Allowing criminal actors to continue to control the proceeds and instruments (assets) of criminal acts will provide opportunities for criminal actors or other parties to enjoy the proceeds of crime and reuse the proceeds of crime for other crimes, so that the Criminal Asset Forfeiture Bill is indispensable in preventing and eradicating Money Laundering. Keywords: Money Laundering, Aset Forfeiture, Follow The Money, Criminal Act. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7129 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1.7129 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023); 64-84 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7129/2948 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/7198 2026-01-19T15:29:10Z litigasi:ART

CAN ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS REVOLUTIONIZE CONFLICT AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN INDONESIA? Subrata, Rusli Humans, as Aristotle suggests, are inherently social beings ("zoon politicon"), driven to interact within society. However, Thomas Hobbes presents a contrasting view, describing humans as "homo homini lupus," indicating that human nature is inherently conflict-prone. The pursuit of individual interests often leads to legal conflicts, especially in Indonesia, where dispute resolution can be categorized into litigation and non-litigation methods. The 1999 Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution Law (Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 1999) introduced a fresh perspective on conflict resolution. Yet, this law addresses only disputes, overlooking the broader concept of conflict, which often entails more complex societal issues. Additionally, many view alternative dispute resolution (ADR) as limited to civil cases, ignoring its potential application in broader contexts. This research, employing a doctrinal legal research methodology, examines the distinction between dispute and conflict and explores the role of ADR in resolving both. The findings reveal that while ADR is primarily recognized for resolving disputes, its principles can also be applied to broader conflicts that extend beyond civil matters. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of ADR’s potential to address not only legal disputes but also more profound societal conflicts in Indonesia. The urgency of this research is underscored by the need for an inclusive, effective approach to resolving various legal and societal challenges. The study contributes to the broader understanding of ADR's potential in reshaping Indonesia’s conflict resolution landscape. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7198 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1.7198 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023); 151-164 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7198/2969 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/7232 2026-01-19T15:29:10Z litigasi:ART

EKSTENTIFIKASI KEWENANGAN MAJELIS KEHORMATAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM MEMPERKUAT GAGASAN CONSTITUTIONAL ETHICS EKSTENTIFIKASI KEWENANGAN MAJELIS KEHORMATAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM MEMPERKUAT GAGASAN CONSTITUTIONAL ETHICS Disantara, Fradhana Putra Putri, Febri Falisa Mufarrochah, Sylvia Assari, Elsa This research has an urgency to construct the extension of MKMK's authority to be required to provide information in its capacity as an examiner of code of ethics violations committed by MK judges to law enforcement officials if MK judges become suspects or defendants of a crime. This research is a normative legal research with a concept and statutory approach. The urgency of idea  constitutional ethics in maintaining the code of ethics of MK judges  which can actually be optimized with  formation of MKMK based on MK Regulation No. 1 of 2023. The extension of MKMK's authority as the implementation of  idea of constitutional ethics in optimizing efforts to safeguard the code of ethics of MK judges can actually be carried out by revising Article 3 of MK Regulation No. 1 of 2023 to extend or expand the authority of MKMK in providing information if MK judges are caught in a crime, in particular giving considerations from an ethical perspective is actually aimed at strengthening  relationship between ethical norms and legal norms. Also that the phenomenon in the Constitutional Court Decision No. 103/PUU-XX/2022 will not be repeated in the future. Keywords: Constitutional Ethics, Authority, Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court. Penelitian ini memiliki urgensi untuk mengkonstruksikan ekstentifikasi (perluasan) kewenangan MKMK untuk diwajibkan memberikan keterangan dalam kapasitasnya sebagai pemeriksa pelanggaran kode etik yang dilakukan hakim MK kepada aparat penegak hukum jika hakim MK menjadi tersangka atau terdakwa suatu tindak pidana. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab dua isu hukum, yaitu: (i) urgensi gagasan constitutional ethics dalam menjaga kode etik hakim MK, serta (ii) ekstentifikasi kewenangan MKMK sebagai implementasi gagasan constitutional ethics dalam mengoptimalkan upaya menjaga kode etik hakim MK. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konsep dan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa urgensi gagasan constitutional ethics dalam menjaga kode etik hakim MK  dapat dioptimalkan dengan dibentuknya MKMK berdasarkan Peraturan MK No. 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang MKMK. Pembentukan MKMK harus disertai dengan partisipasi masyarakat serta kepedulian masyarakat untuk turut serta mengawasi dan melaporkan potensi pelanggaran kode etik MK oleh hakim MK. Ekstentifikasi kewenangan MKMK sebagai implementasi gagasan constitutional ethics dalam mengoptimalkan upaya menjaga kode etik hakim MK dapat dilakukan dengan revisi terhadap Pasal 3 Peraturan MK No. 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang MKMK. Hal ini juga dimaksudkan supaya terjadi sinergi dan optimalisasi dalam meneguhkan kode etik hakim MK dalam menjaga marwah putusannya. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7232 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1.7232 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023); 40-63 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7232/2965 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/7252 2026-01-19T15:25:53Z litigasi:ART

PROBLEMATIKA PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN KETERANGAN AHLI HUKUM PIDANA DALAM PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PROBLEMATIKA PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN KETERANGAN AHLI HUKUM PIDANA DALAM PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI Effendi, Erdianto Expert testimony is one of the pieces of evidence used in criminal procedural law based on the provisions of Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The testimony of criminal law experts is also used in proving corruption crimes. In practice, there are several problems related to the role of criminal law experts in proving corruption. Among the issues are allegations of non-objectiveness of experts in providing information. The information provided tends to benefit one presents it. This research uses a normative approach. The results of the study empirically found several problems in the evidentiary process using the testimony of criminal law experts. Some of these problems include: What should a criminal law expert prove, who should present an expert, whether investigators and judges are bound with the testimony of criminal law experts, whether the experts testimony is based on operational costs and honorariums, and other questions to which juridically answers have not been found.. Based on these findings, it is hoped that there wil.l be clear arrangements regarding the role of criminal law experts in proving corruption crimes. Keywords: Criminal Law Expert, Proof, Crime of Corruption. Keterangan ahli adalah salah satu alat bukti yang digunakan dalam hukum acara pidana berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 184 KUHAP. Keterangan ahli hukum pidana juga digunakan dalam pembuktian tindak pidana korupsi. Dalam praktik, terdapat beberapa masalah yang berkaitan dengan peranan ahli hukum pidana dalam pembuktian tindak pidana korupsi. Di antara masalah tersebut adalah tudingan tidak objektifnya para ahli dalam memberikan keterangan. Keterangan yang diberikan cenderung menguntungkan siapa yang menghadirkannya.  Hasil penelitian secara empirik menemukan beberapa masalah dalam proses pembuktian yang menggunakan keterangan ahli hukum pidana. Beberapa masalah itu di antaranya : Hal apa yang harus dibuktikan oleh seorang ahli hukum pidana, siapa yang seharusnya menghadirkan ahli, apakah penyidik dan hakim terikat pada keterangan ahli hukum pidana, apakah para ahli yang memberikan keterangan berkaitan dengan biaya operasional dan honorarium, serta pertanyaan-pertanyaan lainnya yang belum ditemukan jawabannya secara yuridis. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut diharapkan ada pengaturan yang jelas terkait peranan ahli hukum pidana dalam pembuktian tindak pidana korupsi. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7252 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.7252 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023); 205-228 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7252/4469 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/7374 2026-01-19T15:29:10Z litigasi:ART

INCLUSIVE CIVIL SOCIETY: ENHANCING ACCESS TO JUSTICE THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED WITNESS AND VICTIM PROGRAMS INCLUSIVE CIVIL SOCIETY: ENHANCING ACCESS TO JUSTICE THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED WITNESS AND VICTIM PROGRAMS Mulyani, Leni Widi David, Desiree Witnesses and Victims LPSK Community Based Witnesses and victims are crucial elements in the criminal justice system, as their participation aids in uncovering the truth. However, in Indonesia, their protection and support remain inadequate. Many witnesses and victims face intimidation, actual threats, and potential harm. The Indonesian Agency for Witness and Victim Protection (LPSK) was established to safeguard their rights and provide protection. Despite its mandate, LPSK faces significant challenges due to Indonesia's vast territory and increasing caseloads, necessitating collaboration with local communities. To address this, the Friends of Witnesses and Victims (Sahabat Saksi dan Korban—SSK) program was created—a community-based initiative operational in seven regions to bridge the gap between LPSK and affected individuals. This study examines: (1) how community involvement facilitates protection and access to justice for witnesses and victims, and (2) the challenges faced by the SSK program in assisting communities. Using normative legal research, supported by social and conceptual approaches, data was collected through structured interviews with program participants and LPSK implementing teams. Findings reveal that the SSK program significantly enhances LPSK's outreach, providing vulnerable individuals with better access to their legal rights. Simultaneously, it fosters a sense of protection and state recognition within the community. The novelty of this research lies in its exploration of civil society's role in supporting witness and victim protection, highlighting the program’s potential as a scalable model for improving justice accessibility. This study contributes to strengthening community-state cooperation in the field of victim and witness protection in Indonesia. Witnesses and victims are crucial elements in the criminal justice system, as their participation aids in uncovering the truth. However, in Indonesia, their protection and support remain inadequate. Many witnesses and victims face intimidation, actual threats, and potential harm. The Indonesian Agency for Witness and Victim Protection (LPSK) was established to safeguard their rights and provide protection. Despite its mandate, LPSK faces significant challenges due to Indonesia's vast territory and increasing caseloads, necessitating collaboration with local communities. To address this, the Friends of Witnesses and Victims (Sahabat Saksi dan Korban—SSK) program was created—a community-based initiative operational in seven regions to bridge the gap between LPSK and affected individuals. This study examines: (1) how community involvement facilitates protection and access to justice for witnesses and victims, and (2) the challenges faced by the SSK program in assisting communities. Using normative legal research, supported by social and conceptual approaches, data was collected through structured interviews with program participants and LPSK implementing teams. Findings reveal that the SSK program significantly enhances LPSK's outreach, providing vulnerable individuals with better access to their legal rights. Simultaneously, it fosters a sense of protection and state recognition within the community. The novelty of this research lies in its exploration of civil society's role in supporting witness and victim protection, highlighting the program’s potential as a scalable model for improving justice accessibility. This study contributes to strengthening community-state cooperation in the field of victim and witness protection in Indonesia. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7374 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1.7374 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023); 110-129 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7374/2967 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/7382 2026-01-19T15:29:10Z litigasi:ART

ADVANCING PROTECTION AND INDEMNITY INSURANCE (P&I CLUBS): STRENGTHENING LEGAL PROTECTION FOR INDONESIAN CARRIERS Abdullah, Mohd. Kamarulnizam Rachmawati, Irma Sea transportation is inherently exposed to various risks, including vessel damage and marine pollution caused by collisions and accidents. These risks pose significant challenges to carriers, particularly when they fall outside the scope of traditional insurance coverage. To address such gaps, shipowners have established Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs, mutual associations that provide comprehensive coverage for liabilities not covered by conventional underwriters. This study explores the critical role of P&I Clubs in protecting Indonesian carriers, focusing on their rules and operational impact. It also examines the distinctions between P&I Clubs and traditional marine insurance, highlighting their complementary roles. Employing a library research method with a dogmatic legal approach, the study utilizes diverse sources, including international conventions, domestic legislation, case law, legal literature, P&I Club rules, and reputable online resources. The findings reveal that P&I Clubs offer broader and more specialized coverage than standard marine insurance, particularly in addressing pollution-related accidents. For example, P&I Clubs cover the full scope of pollution impacts, providing a level of protection unavailable through other means. The novelty of this research lies in its focused analysis of P&I Club practices in the Indonesian context, offering insights into their unique contributions to maritime risk management. By bridging the gap between legal theory and practical application, this study underscores the urgency of integrating P&I Club mechanisms into Indonesia's maritime industry, contributing to enhanced carrier protection and risk mitigation strategies. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7382 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1.7382 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023); 130-150 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/7382/2968 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/9663 2026-01-19T15:25:53Z litigasi:ART

KONSEPSI KEPEMILIKAN SOSIAL DALAM PERLINDUNGAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS PALA KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN THE KONSEPSI KEPEMILIKAN SOSIAL DALAM PERLINDUNGAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS PALA KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN Effida, Dara Quthni Aulia, Eza Maulana, Jefrie Indonesian GIs is still little than of their leading commodities that have the potential to receive legal protection as GIs. One of them is South Aceh's nutmeg as leading commodities. The research question revolves around the concept of social ownership within the legal protection framework of South Aceh Nutmeg's geographical indication and how its legal protection operates. This study aims to elucidate the concept of social ownership concerning the legal protection potential of South Aceh Nutmeg's geographical indication. This research employs a normative juridical method using legislative analysis and a conceptual approach. The registration of geographical indications is vital for securing legal protection concerning social ownership rights and the product's regional origin. Geographical indications serve as instruments to protect products possessing unique geographical characteristics, acting as a claim to social ownership for the communities producing these goods. There are four fundamental principles in developing the concept of social ownership: active participation, sustainable management, responsibility in preservation, and equitable benefit-sharing. The development of social ownership concepts is anticipated to resolve issues related to the deserving and fair legal protection of the South Aceh Nutmeg Geographical Indication. Keyword: Social Ownership, Geographical Indication, Nutmeg, South Aceh. Indikasi Geografis di Indonesia masih lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan komoditas unggulannya yang berpotensi mendapat perlindungan hukum sebagai Indikasi Geografis, jumlah Indikasi Geografis terdaftar masih sedikit. Salah satunya Pala yang merupakan komoditi unggulan Aceh Selatan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimanakah konsep kepemilikan sosial dalam perlindungan hukum indikasi geografis Pala Aceh Selatan dan bagaimana perlindungan hukum indikasi geografisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konsep kepemilikan sosial dalam potensi perlindungan hukum indikasi geografis Pala Aceh Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Konstitusi Negara Indonesia mengadopsi konsep kepemilikan sosial dan menjadi konsideran bagi lahirnya ketentuan tentang merk dan indikasi geografis. Indikasi geografis merupakan instrumen untuk melindungi suatu produk yang memiliki karakteristik geografis sebagai klaim atas kepemilikan sosial bagi masyarakat yang mengupayakan produk tersebut. Terdapat empat prinsip dasar dalam pengembangan konsep kepemilikan sosial, diantaranya: partisipasi aktif, kesinambungan pengelolaan, tanggungjawab pemeliharaan dan pembagian manfaat yang adil. Pengembangan konsep kepemilikan sosial diharapkan dapat menjadi pemecah masalah terkait dengan potensi Indikasi Geografis Pala Kabupaten Aceh Selatan mendapatkan perlindungan hukum yang layak dan adil Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9663 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.9663 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023); 280-298 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9663/4473 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/9804 2026-01-19T15:25:53Z litigasi:ART

IMPLIKASI PERTANAHAN DALAM PENANGANAN KONFLIK AGRARIA DI INDONESIA IMPLIKASI PERTANAHAN DALAM PENANGANAN KONFLIK AGRARIA DI INDONESIA Aksnudin, Saim - This research analyzes the implications of land issues in handling agrarian conflicts in Indonesia using a normative juridical analysis method. By examining legislation, court decisions, and legal experts' opinions, this study reveals the close relationship between land issues and agrarian conflicts in Indonesia. The analyzed implications of land include regulatory aspects, legal certainty, and understanding of land issues in resolving agrarian conflicts. The research findings indicate that unclear, overlapping, or conflicting legislation can hinder the resolution of agrarian conflicts. Moreover, the divergence of court decisions significantly impacts the handling of agrarian conflicts. Legal experts' opinions also provide diverse perspectives on the implications of land in the context of resolving agrarian conflicts. To achieve sustainable resolution of agrarian conflicts, effective coordination among relevant institutions is necessary to improve land regulations, ensure legal certainty, and enhance understanding of land issues. Additionally, efforts to promote dialogue and community participation need to be strengthened in handling agrarian conflicts. Keywords: Land, Agrarian Conflict, Implications, Legal Certainty, Conflict Resolution. Penelitian ini menganalisis implikasi pertanahan dalam penanganan konflik agraria di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode analisis yuridis normatif. Melalui pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan pendapat para ahli hukum, penelitian ini mengungkapkan hubungan erat antara isu pertanahan dan konflik agraria di Indonesia. Implikasi pertanahan yang dianalisis meliputi aspek regulasi, kepastian hukum, dan pemahaman terhadap isu pertanahan dalam penyelesaian konflik agraria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang belum jelas, tumpang tindih, atau berkonflik dapat mempersulit penyelesaian konflik agraria. Selain itu, keberagaman putusan pengadilan juga memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap penanganan konflik agraria. Pendapat para ahli hukum juga memberikan perspektif beragam tentang implikasi pertanahan dalam konteks penyelesaian konflik agraria. Dalam rangka mencapai penyelesaian konflik agraria yang berkelanjutan, diperlukan koordinasi yang baik antara lembaga-lembaga terkait dalam memperbaiki regulasi pertanahan, menjaga kepastian hukum, dan meningkatkan pemahaman akan isu pertanahan. Selain itu, upaya untuk meningkatkan dialog dan partisipasi masyarakat juga perlu diperkuat dalam penanganan konflik agraria. Kata Kunci:      Pertanahan, Konflik Agraria, Implikasi, Regulasi, Kepastian Hukum, Penyelesaian Konflik. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9804 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.9804 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023); 184-204 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9804/4468 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/9827 2026-01-19T15:25:53Z litigasi:ART

PENGEMBALIAN ASET PADA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI MALUKU MELALUI UANG PENGGANTI Pengembalian Aset pada Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Maluku Melalui Uang Pengganti Fadillah, Astuti Nur Ubwarin, Erwin Salamor, Anna Corruption-related criminal offenses represent a significant challenge in Indonesia. The high number of cases and the financial losses to the state consistently make headlines in the mass media, causing considerable concern among the public. The Indonesian government has made efforts to combat this issue by enacting laws such as Law Number 31 of 1999 on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption and Law Number 20 of 2001, an amendment to Law Number 31 of 1999. This research employs the Juridical Empirical method, which examines positive law provisions, legal principles, legal doctrines, and legal principles to address the legal issues at hand. The imposition of compensation as a penalty is considered an additional punishment, contingent upon the judge's discretion in evaluating the evidence presented during the trial. The confiscation of assets resulting from corruption can occur through both criminal and civil avenues. In the criminal pathway, the process involves asset tracking, freezing or confiscating assets, asset seizure, return, and handover. Meanwhile, the civil route is utilized if there are still assets owned by the convict suspected to originate from corrupt practices that have not yet been seized by the state. Keywords: Asset Recovery, Corruption Offenses, Compensation Money. Corruption is an extraordinary crime in Indonesia. The number of cases that occur and the amount of state financial losses always adorn the news in the mass media and are very disturbing to the public.  The research method used is empiris juridical, which is a research.The substitute money penalty is indeed formulated as an additional crime, its facultative nature only adds to the main criminal sanction. Imposition of replacement money is very dependent on the discretion of the judge in assessing the evidence that appears in the trial. Confiscation of assets resulting from corruption or means of corruption through criminal prosecution if the public prosecutor can prove the guilt of the defendant in committing the criminal act of corruption and the assets that have been confiscated in the case are the proceeds of the crime of corruption. Confiscation of assets resulting from criminal acts that cause losses to state finances can be carried out in two ways, namely confiscation of assets through criminal channels and confiscation through civil lawsuits. -asset. Confiscation of assets through a civil lawsuit is carried out if it is known that there are still assets belonging to the convict which are suspected or reasonably suspected.  Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9827 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.9827 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023); 261-279 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9827/4471 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/9860 2026-01-19T15:25:53Z litigasi:ART

PENGUATAN PERAN PARTAI POLITIK DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 114/PUU-XX/2022 PENGUATAN PERAN PARTAI POLITIK DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 114/PUU-XX/2022 Kartabrata, Fajar Ramadhan The Constitutional Court Decision Number 114/PUU-XX/2022 emphasizes the necessity of implementing the electoral system through proportional representation with an open list. This decision aims to strengthen the role of political parties as participants in the electoral process, ensuring high-quality and dignified elections in line with constitutional principles. Such affirmation is rooted in a critical paradigm shift for political parties as key pillars of democracy. This research employs a juridical-normative analysis approach, delving into secondary data through literature reviews. The research findings indicate the central role of the Constitutional Court as the final interpreter of the constitution and the guardian of democratic integrity. Decision Number 114/PUU-XX/2022 provides a profound interpretation of the constitution, aimed at improving the implementation of political parties' participation in elections. Although the Constitutional Court's considerations are non-executorial, its guidelines offer crucial insights into conducting democracy in line with the constitutional spirit through elections. Keywords: Political Parties, Elections, Constitutional Court, Democracy. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 114/PUU-XX/2022 yang menegaskan sistem pemilihan umum diselenggarakan melalui sistem proporsional dengan daftar terbuka, yang dalam pertimbangannya memberikan pandangan yang mengarah pada penguatan peran dan fungsi partai politik selaku peserta pemilihan umum agar menciptakan pemilihan umum yang berkualitas dan berintegritas sesuai dengan amanat konstitusi. Hal didasarkan pada munculnya paradigma yang kurang baik bagi partai politik sebagai instrumen demokrasi. Metode yang digunakan menguraikan tulisan ini yaitu yuridis normatif dengan pengumpulan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil tulisan ini menunjukkan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai penafsir final konstitusi dan pelindung demokrasi dalam pertimbangan Putusan 114/PUU-XX/2022 memberikan tafsirannya terhadap konstitusi guna memperbaiki implementasi peran dan fungsi partai politik selaku peserta pemilihan umum dalam penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum. Walaupun pertimbangan Mahkamah Konstitusi tidak memiliki daya paksa (non-eksekutorial), tetapi pertimbangan tersebut mengarahkan pada pelaksanaan demokrasi yang sesuai dengan konstitusi melalui penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9860 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.9860 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023); 229-260 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9860/4470 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/9966 2026-01-19T15:25:53Z litigasi:ART

PENCUCIAN UANG YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH NOTARIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG PENERAPAN PASAL 5 AYAT (1) Undang-Undang NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG TERHADAP NOTARIS YANG MELAKUKAN PENCUCIAN UANG Budiman, Maman The act of money laundering committed by a Notary begins with a conspiracy with his client. The conspiracy is due to alleged criminal acts such as corruption. The problems in this paper are the factors that cause Notaries to commit money laundering, whether Article 5 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 8, 2010 can be applied to Notaries who commit money laundering and the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials when processing Notaries who commit such offense. The research in this paper uses normative legal methods by examining document studies, using various secondary data such as laws and regulations, court decisions that have permanent legal force, legal theories, and expert opinions. The analysis is qualitative. The factors that cause the Notary to do this are intentional to protect the assets of their clients, the lifestyle of Notaries who want to get instant wealth through illegal means. The imposition of Article 5 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 8 of 2010 against a Notary who is suspected of committing the crime of money laundering requires proof of its origin and the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials in processing Notaries who commit the crime of money laundering. Keywords: Notary, Criminal Act, Money Laundering. Perbuatan pencucian uang yang dilakukan oleh Notaris diawali adanya persekongkolan dengan kliennya. Persekongkolan tersebut dikarenakan adanya dugaan tindak pidana seperti perbuatan korupsi. Permasalahan dalam tulisan ini adalah faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan Notaris melakukan pencucian uang, apakah Pasal 5 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 dapat diterapkan kepada Notaris yang melakukan pencucian uang dan kendala yang dihadapi oleh aparat penegak hukum ketika memproses Notaris yang melakukan pencucian uang.Penelitian dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif yang artinya mengkaji studi dokumen, menggunakan berbagai data sekunder yang antara lain seperti aturan perundang-undangan, keputusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap, teori hukum, dan pendapat para ahli. Analisis yang digunakan adalah kualitatif.Faktor penyebab Notaris melakukan pencucian uang adalah ingin melindungi harta kekayaan kliennya, gaya hidup Notaris yang ingin cepat mendapatkan harta kekayaaan dengan cara yang ilegal. Penerapan Pasal 5 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 terhadap Notaris yang diduga melakukan pencucian uang diperlukan pembuktian mengenai tindak pidana asal dan kendala yang dihadapi oleh aparat penegak hukum ketika memproses Notaris yang telah melakukan pencucian uang yaitu harus terlebih dahulu membuktikan ada atau tidaknya tindak pidana asal, selain itu harus berkoordinasi dengan Ikatan Notaris Indonesia serta menunggu terlebih dahulu pemeriksaan kode etik profesi. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9966 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.9966 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023); 299-321 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/9966/4472 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/10259 2026-01-19T15:25:53Z litigasi:ART

PENGARUH TRIAL BY THE PRESS TERHADAP PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA Pardede, Sonora Gokma Nelson, Febby Mutiara Press coverage on criminal news has allegedly conducted trial by the press. Media seems to take the role as law enforcement by searching for evidence, interviewing witnesses, analyzing the case and at the end judging based on their opinion towards the criminal case. Trial by the press certainly contradict the principle of presumption of innocence and the fair trial. Trial by the press often found when reporting the news of murder case of Brigadier Yosua and the domestic violence case of Valencya. This research studied about the impact of trial by the press on the process of criminal law enforcement in Indonesia and how the media covers the criminal case to avoid trial by the press. The research method used is juridical normative with conceptual analysis, statute approach and case analysis. The findings of the research are that trial by the press resulted in trial by the public where people conclude their own judgment of one particular case. Post entry into force of the New Penal Code, alleged media conducting trial by the press is subject to imprisonment and fine under Article 281 of the New Penal Code Keywords: Trial by The Press, Pers, Presumption of Innocent, Fair Trial. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/10259 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.10259 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023); 165-183 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/10259/4467 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/10326 2026-01-19T15:25:53Z litigasi:ART

THE CONTROVERSY OVER MINISTRY DISSOLUTION: INSIGHTS INTO INDONESIA’S PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM Mutawalli, Muhammad Zainal Amin Ayub Amah, Emmanuel Ibiam Government Cabinet Presidential System Constitutional Court This study examines the strengthening of presidential authority and investigates the polemics surrounding the dissolution of ministries in Indonesia, with a focus on the provisions of Law Number 39 of 2008. Employing a normative qualitative approach, the research draws on data collected through documentation, literature reviews, and interviews with officials, ministry representatives, and state studies activists in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi. The findings highlight the critical importance of constructive collaboration and communication between the president, as the head of the executive, and parliament, as the legislature, to achieve consensus on cabinet formation. Effective dialogue fosters the creation of a cabinet composition that ensures both functionality and sufficient political support. However, the research identifies significant challenges, including a lack of transparency and limited public participation in legislative processes, as well as insufficient inter-agency collaboration in the drafting and enactment of laws. The study’s novelty lies in its exploration of the interplay between executive authority and legislative oversight in cabinet formation within Indonesia’s presidential system. By shedding light on the implications of these dynamics, the research contributes to the discourse on governance reform and emphasizes the need for enhanced institutional synergy to promote accountability and public trust. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2023-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/10326 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.10326 LITIGASI; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023); 322-354 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v24i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/10326/4474 Copyright (c) 2023 JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/10389 2026-01-19T15:25:31Z litigasi:ART

PEMBERATAN PIDANA BAGI PELAKU OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE DALAM UPAYA MEMBERIKAN DAMPAK POSITIF KINERJA PENEGAK HUKUM pemberatan PEMBERATAN PIDANA BAGI PELAKU OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE DALAM UPAYA MEMBERIKAN DAMPAK POSITIF KINERJA PENEGAK HUKUM Jodi, Faris Fachrizal In 2023, the universe of social media and television is filled with the term obstruction of justice or obstruction of legal process in the case that killed one of the police officers allegedly by his superiors. In their efforts to eliminate evidence, evidence, and fabricate cases, obstruction of justice was committed, involving several members of police. Obstruction of Justice is a serious thing that can be done by a person who intentionally prevents, hinders, or thwarts directly or indirectly an investigation or criminal legal process. How aggravation of criminal sanctions can be imposed upon as an effort to provide deterrence to the law enforcement who committed obstruction of justice to improve the performance of law enforcement? The approach used in this research is juridical normative. This is an approach that analyzes primary and secondary data. Normative approach is a conceptual approach to legislation, a case approach, and a comparative approach are also applied. The imposition of aggravation of sanctions upon the law enforcement is not only intended to retaliate but also to maintain spirit of National Police as the state representative in the field of investigation because evil acts committed by investigators (culprit) are not only unlawful, but also have damaged the criminal law enforcement system in Indonesia, the good name of the National Police as an investigator, and undermined public trust in the Indonesian criminal justice system. Therefore, criminal punishment is not only to provide a deterrent effect but also to provide efforts to improve the performance of investigators. Tahun 2023 jagat sosial media dan televisi dipenuhi dengan istilah Obstruction of Justice atau penghalang halangan proses hukum pada kasus yang menewaskan salah satu anggota kepolisian yang diduga oleh atasannya. Sebagai upaya untuk menghilangkan alat bukti, barang bukti, dan melakukan rekayasa kasus maka dilakukan perilaku Obstruction of Justice dengan melibatkan beberapa anggota kepolisian. Delik Obstruction of Justice adalah hal yang serius yang bisa dilakukan oleh seseorang yang dengan sengaja mencegah, merintangi, atau menggagalkan secara langsung atau tidak langsung suatu penyidikan atau proses hukum pidana. Bagaimana pemberatan sanksi pidana sebagai upaya memberikan efek jera bagi aparat penegak hukum yang melakukan Obstraction of Justice yang berdampak pada peningkatan kinerja? Pendekatan masalah yang digunakan dalam membahas penelitian ini adalah pendekatan secara yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yuridis yang dimaksud merupakan pendekatan yang menganalisis data primer dan data sekunder. Pendekatan normatif, adalah pendekatan yang dilakukan secara konseptual, pendekatan terhadap undang undang, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Pemberatan sanksi pidana bagi aparat penegak hukum bukan ditujukan hanya untuk membalas atas perbuatan yang telah dilakukan, tetapi tujuan sanksi pidana ditujukan untuk menjaga marwah institusi Polri sebagai wakil negara di bidang penyidikan, karena perbuatan jahat yang dilakukan oleh penyidik (oknum) tidak hanya bersifat melawan hukum, tetapi juga sudah merusak sistem penegakan hukum pidana di Indonesia, nama baik institusi Polri sebagai penyidik, dan merusak kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, sehingga pemberatan pidana ditujukan tidak hanya untuk memberikan efek jera selain itu memberi upaya peningkatan kinerja penyidik. Kata Kunci: Pemberatan, Obstruction of Justice, Polisi. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/10389 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1.10389 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024); 110-123 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/10389/6083 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/10632 2026-01-19T15:25:31Z litigasi:ART

HAK SEWA TANAH UNTUK BANGUNAN OLEH WARGA NEGARA ASING (WNA) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGUASAAN HAK ATAS TANAH DI INDONESIA HAK SEWA TANAH UNTUK BANGUNAN OLEH WARGA NEGARA ASING (WNA) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGUASAAN HAK ATAS TANAH DI INDONESIA Carona, Nina Rifai, Anis Shebubakar, Arina Novizas Land plays a crucial role in the life of Indonesian society and economy, particularly in tourist destinations like Bali. The establishment of businesses by foreign nationals in Bali, especially in the region of Badung Regency, has raised concerns regarding regulations governing land ownership. The Land Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Agrarian Affairs and Government Regulation Number 46 of 1996 strictly regulate land ownership by both Indonesian citizens (WNI) and foreign nationals (WNA), particularly in terms of land lease for building purposes. However, there remain uncertainties concerning the understanding of land lease agreements for buildings, including time limitations, lease extension, and the status of buildings constructed on leased land after the lease agreement expires. This study employs a normative juridical research method with a legislative approach to provide a better understanding of land ownership for WNAs in business development in Bali and Indonesia as a whole. Keywords:     Land Ownership, Land Lease for Building Purposes, Land Lease Agreements, Ease Agreements. Tanah memainkan peran penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan ekonomi Indonesia, terutama di destinasi wisata seperti Bali. Pendirian bisnis oleh warga negara asing di Bali, khususnya di wilayah Kabupaten Badung, telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran terkait regulasi yang mengatur kepemilikan tanah. Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Agraria dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 1996 secara ketat mengatur kepemilikan tanah oleh warga negara Indonesia (WNI) maupun warga negara asing (WNA), khususnya dalam hal penyewaan tanah untuk keperluan pembangunan bangunan. Namun, masih terdapat ketidakpastian mengenai pemahaman perjanjian sewa tanah untuk pembangunan bangunan, termasuk batasan waktu, perpanjangan sewa, dan status bangunan yang dibangun di atas tanah yang disewa setelah berakhirnya perjanjian sewa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan legislatif untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kepemilikan tanah bagi WNA dalam pengembangan bisnis di Bali dan Indonesia secara keseluruhan. Kata Kunci: Kepemilikan Tanah, Sewa Tanah untuk Pembangunan Bangunan, Perjanjian Sewa Tanah, Kemudahan Perjanjian. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/10632 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1.10632 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024); 1-20 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/10632/6078 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/12416 2026-01-19T15:25:31Z litigasi:ART

IMPLIKASI PENGATURAN PELANGGARAN HAM BERAT DALAM KUHP 2023 TERHADAP KEBERLAKUAN ASAS-ASAS KHUSUSNYA: PENGUATAN ATAU PELEMAHAN? IMPLIKASI PENGATURAN PELANGGARAN HAM BERAT DALAM KUHP 2023 TERHADAP KEBERLAKUAN ASAS-ASAS KHUSUSNYA: PENGUATAN ATAU PELEMAHAN? Rizqiqa, Larasati Dwi Wulandari, Widati Putri, Nella Sumika This paper discusses the impact of the regulation of gross violation of human rights in the Penal Code 2023 on the validity of the principles stipulated in Act Number 26, 2000 as the special law. The method used is normative research with data collection through literature study. The findings show that regarding the Article 187 and Article 620 of the Penal Code 2023, it can be said that these articles have actually provided a ‘guarantee’ to ensure that the existence of the Penal Code 2023 will not reduce or have any impact on the special principles in Act Number 26,2000. This is then strengthened by the provisions of Article 622 paragraph 1 letter m which only revokes several articles from the Act, namely Articles 8, 9, 36-40 on criminal offenses and sanctions for gross violation of human right. By using the theory of codification & the amendment of Article 3 of the Penal Code 2023, it was revealed that the regulation on gross violation of human right in the Penal Code 2023 is potentially to create new problems, from the issue of conflict of principles to of multiple interpretations. Different interpretations of Article 187, Article 620, and Article 3 of the Penal Code 2023 can actually lead to the inapplicability of special principles stipulated in Act Number 26, 2000, therefore, the provisions of gross violation of human right, in the future, are very likely to be subject to the general principles contained in Book I of the Penal Code 2023. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji tentang sejauh mana pengaturan pelanggaran HAM berat dalam KUHP 2023 berdampak pada keberlakuan asas-asas yang diatur dalam UU No. 26 Tahun 2000 sebagai UU khusus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dilihat dari Pasal 187 dan Pasal 620 KUHP 2023, maka dapat dikatakan jika pasal-pasal tersebut sejatinya telah memberikan ‘jaminan’ untuk memastikan apabila keberadaan KUHP 2023 tidak akan mengurangi atau memberikan dampak apapun terhadap keberlakuan asas-asas khusus yang termaktub pada Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000. Hal ini kemudian diperkuat dengan ketentuan Pasal 622 ayat 1 huruf m yang hanya mencabut beberapa pasal dari UU No. 26 Tahun 2000, yakni Pasal 8, 9,36-40 tentang rumusan tindak pidana dan sanksi pidana bagi pengaturan pelanggaran HAM berat. Sementara dengan menggunakan teori kodifikasi & perspektif perubahan perundang-undangan pada Pasal 3 KUHP 2023, terungkap sebuah temuan bahwa pengaturan pelanggaran HAM berat di dalam KUHP 2023 berpotensi membuka berbagai permasalahan baru, mulai dari isu pertentangan asas hingga isu multitafsir. Ditafsirkannya Pasal 187, Pasal 620, dan Pasal 3 KUHP 2023 secara berbeda sejatinya dapat menimbulkan potensi berupa tidak berlakunya asas-asas khusus yang diatur di dalam UU No. 26 Tahun 2000, sehingga kedepannya bagi pengaturan pelanggaran HAM berat sangat dimungkinan tunduk pada asas-asas hukum umum yang termaktub dalam Buku I KUHP 2023. Kata Kunci: Pengaturan Pelanggaran HAM Berat, KUHP 2023, Perubahan Perundang-Undangan. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12416 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1.12416 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024); 21-60 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12416/6082 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/12520 2026-01-19T15:25:31Z litigasi:ART

PENGATURAN TENTANG FEMISIDA DALAM HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA (KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN UU HAM DAN UU TPKS) PENGATURAN TENTANG FEMISIDA DALAM HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA (KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN UU HAM DAN UU TPKS) Salamor, Yonna Beatrix Purwanti, Ani Rochaeti, Nur Femicide is the taking of the life of a woman or girl because she is a woman or because of gender-based violence. The type of femicide that is often found in the field is intimate femicide, which is committed by people who have a relationship with the victim. Indonesia has various laws and regulations that regulate the protection of women and girls, including the Human Rights Law, the Child Protection Law, the Domestic Violence Law, and the TPKS Law, but the specific regulation of femicide has not been explicitly described in these various laws and regulations. This research uses a normative juridical method, which is legal research that places the law as a building system of norms that are studied through principles, norms, rules of laws and regulations, agreements, and doctrine. Based on the results of the discussion, it is found that there are 7 types of femicide that occur in the society, including the Indonesian society. the regulation of femicide has not been explicitly regulated in the Human Rights Law or in the TPKS Law. The Human Rights Law regulates the protection of human rights including women's rights in Article 45. Meanwhile, the TPKS Law further regulates the types of femicide that occur in Indonesia such as gender-based sexual violence, pornography, dating and domestic violence. Keyword: Femicide, Human Rights, Sexual Violence Crime. Femisida berarti penghilangan nyawa perempuan atau anak perempuan karena dia perempuan atau karena kekerasan berbasis gender. Jenis femisida yang banyak ditemui dilapangan ialah femisida intimate yang dilakukan oleh orang yang memiliki hubungan dengan korban. Indonesia memiliki berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tentang perlindungan bagi perempuan dan anak perempuan antara lain UU HAM, UU Perlindungan Anak, UU PKDRT hingga UU TPKS, akan tetapi pengaturan femisida secara khusus belum tergambar secara eksplisit dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yatiu penelitian hukum yang meletakkan hukum sebagai sebuah bangunan sistem norma yang dikaji melalui asas, norma, kaidah dari peraturan perundang-undangan, perjanjian hingga doktrin. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan ditemukan bahwa ada 7 jenis femisida yang terjadi dalam masyarakat termasuk masyarakat Indonesia. pengaturan femisida secara tegas belum diatur dalam Undang-Undang HAM maupun Undang-Undang TPKS. Dalam Undang-Undang HAM diatur terkait perlindungan hak asasi termasuk hak perempuan dalam Pasal 45. Sedangkan dalam UU TPKS diatur lebih jauh tentang jenis-jenis femisida yang terjadi di Indonesia seperti kekerasan seksual berbasis gender, pornografi, kekerasan dalam pacaran dan rumah tangga. Kata Kunci: Femisida, Hak Asasi Manusia, Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12520 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1.12520 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024); 95-109 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12520/6080 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/12630 2026-01-19T15:25:31Z litigasi:ART

KEPASTIAN HUKUM TERHADAP HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL YOUTUBER DALAM TRANSAKSI PEMBIAYAAN BANK MENGGUNAKAN KONTEN YOUTUBE KEPASTIAN HUKUM TERHADAP HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL YOUTUBER DALAM TRANSAKSI PEMBIAYAAN BANK MENGGUNAKAN KONTEN YOUTUBE Sabijanto, Virly Vidiasti This article examines the role of YouTube Content as an intellectual property asset (IP) in copyright transactions in banking financing, where the content is used as collateral. The main focus is on how copyrighted content, such as that found on YouTube, can enhance value and provide legal certainty on the assets in financing. Using normative juridical analysis and qualitative analysis methods, this research discusses regulations, expert views, and legal aspects related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), with a specific focus on YouTube content. The research findings indicate that YouTube content has great potential as collateral in financing but is hindered by legal challenges such as determining the value of IPRs, copyright protection, and changing market dynamics. Government Regulation Number 24 of 2022 supports the creative economy through an IPR-based financing scheme, requiring legal awareness and collaboration among all stakeholders. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of proactive action by banks to protect copyrights when using YouTube content as collateral, as well as the importance of legal certainty to support creative economic actors. The implementation of these regulations is considered strategic to support the growth of the creative economy, with the protection and utilization of IPRs as key assets. Keywords:      Intellectual Property Rights, Bank Financing Transactions, YouTube Content as Collateral, Creative Economy Actors, Legal Certainty. Artikel ini meneliti peran Konten YouTube sebagai aset Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) dalam hal ini hak cipta dalam transaksi pembiayaan bank, di mana konten tersebut dijadikan jaminan. Fokus utama adalah pada bagaimana konten yang dilindungi hak cipta, seperti yang terdapat pada YouTube, dapat meningkatkan nilai dan memberikan kepastian hukum pada aset dalam pembiayaan. Dengan metode analisis yuridis normatif dan analisis kualitatif, penelitian ini mengulas regulasi, pandangan ahli, dan aspek hukum terkait dengan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI), dengan fokus khusus pada konten YouTube. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konten YouTube berpotensi besar sebagai jaminan dalam pembiayaan namun terhalang oleh tantangan hukum seperti penentuan nilai HKI, perlindungan hak cipta, dan dinamika pasar yang berubah. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2022 memberikan dukungan terhadap ekonomi kreatif melalui skema pembiayaan berbasis HKI, memerlukan kesadaran hukum dan kolaborasi antara semua pihak yang terlibat. Kesimpulan menekankan pentingnya tindakan proaktif dari bank untuk melindungi hak cipta ketika menggunakan konten YouTube sebagai jaminan, serta pentingnya kepastian hukum untuk mendukung pelaku ekonomi kreatif. Implementasi regulasi ini dianggap strategis untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi kreatif, dengan perlindungan dan pemanfaatan HKI sebagai aset utama. Kata Kunci :      Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, Transaksi Pembiayaan Bank, Konten YouTube sebagai Jaminan, Pelaku Ekonomi Kreatif, Kepastian Hukum. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12630 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1.12630 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024); 61-94 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12630/6079 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/12636 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

PERANAN HALUAN NEGARA DALAM MENCAPAI TUJUAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA Yuhana, Abdy Revitalization State Policy Geopolitics National Consensus Public Leadership The significance of revitalizing the Basic Guidelines of the State Policy (GBHN) through the Contemporary Policy Guidelines (PPHN) serves as a foundation for sustainable development in Indonesia. This revitalization aims to fill the legal void left by the Basic Guidelines of the State Policy (GBHN) and provide clear guidance for sustainable national development. This research employs a normative legal method and qualitative analysis, focusing on the study of legal documents and relevant academic literature. Data collection is conducted through documentation studies that encompass laws, related regulations, and literature addressing the research theme. The Contemporary Policy Guidelines (PPHN) is posited to function as a structured and inclusive framework. Mechanisms such as public consultations, integration of local policies, reinforcement of the legal framework, and effective monitoring and evaluation systems are proposed to ensure that the Contemporary Policy Guidelines (PPHN) serves not merely as a normative document but also as an operational guideline that is responsive to societal needs. Visionary leadership is identified as a key factor in accelerating sustainable development, with an emphasis on inclusive vision and innovation. The revitalization of the Contemporary Policy Guidelines (PPHN) is expected not only to provide a clear direction for national development but also to enhance legal stability and societal welfare. The integration of holistic and sustainable development is deemed essential, involving community participation and coherence between central and regional policies to create lasting positive impacts for society and the environment. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12636 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.12636 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 331-358 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12636/8820 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/12758 2026-01-19T15:25:31Z litigasi:ART

PERBANDINGAN TINDAK PIDANA PERKOSAAN ANTARA KUHP BARU INDONESIA DENGAN SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT 2003 INGGRIS PERBANDINGAN TINDAK PIDANA PERKOSAAN ANTARA KUHP BARU INDONESIA DENGAN SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT 2003 INGGRIS Tsuroyya, Chusnus Nurtjahyo, Lidwina Inge Indonesian criminal law has undergone reforms since the promulgation of the Indonesia’s New Penal Code in 2023. This legal reform also refers to the provisions for the crime of rape which are regulated in Article 473 paragraph (1) of the Indonesia’s New Penal Code. This reform indicates that the paradigm regarding the rape crime in Indonesia has changed. With those changes, this research attempts to make a legal comparison between the New Penal Code and the England Sexual Offences Act 2003 – which is also a form of the legal reform. The research method used is normative juridical using analysis on legislation and comparative analysis. Based on a comparison on the regulation of the rape crime between the Indonesia’s New Penal Code and the England Sexual Offences Act 2003, there are several similarities and differences. Therefore, it could be seen the advantages and disadvantages of each regulation, both from the Indonesia’s New Criminal Code and the England’s Sexual Offences Act 2003. From this comparison, several advantages could be found in the Sexual Offences Act 2003 regarding the rape crime in England which could be an input on the regulation of the rape crime in the Indonesia’s New Criminal Code, so that better law would be created. Keywords: Rape, The New Indonesian Criminal Code, Sexual Offences Act 2003. Hukum pidana Indonesia telah mengalami pembaruan sejak diundangkannya Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Indonesia yang baru pada 2023 lalu. Pembaruan tersebut tidak terkecuali pada ketentuan tindak pidana perkosaan yang diatur pada Pasal 473 ayat (1) KUHP Baru. Pembaruan tersebut mengisyaratkan bahwa paradigma mengenai tindak pidana perkosaan di Indonesia telah mengalami perubahan. Dengan adanya perubahan tersebut, penelitian ini berusaha untuk melakukan perbandingan hukum antara KUHP Baru dengan Sexual Offences Act 2003 Inggris—yang juga merupakan produk pembaruan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan analisis perbandingan. Berdasarkan perbandingan pengaturan tindak pidana perkosaan antara KUHP Baru dengan Sexual Offences Act 2003 terdapat beberapa persamaan dan perbedaan. Dari persamaan dan perbedaan tersebut dapat diketahui kelebihan dan kekurangan dari masing-masing pengaturan baik dari KUHP Baru maupun Sexual Offences Act 2003. Sehingga dari perbandingan tersebut dapat ditemukan beberapa kelebihan dari Sexual Offences Act 2003 tentang tindak pidana perkosaan di Inggris yang dapat menjadi masukan bagi pengaturan tindak pidana perkosaan dalam KUHP Baru di Indonesia, sehingga akan terciptanya hukum yang lebih baik (better law). Kata kunci: Perkosaan, KUHP Baru, Sexual Offences Act 2003. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12758 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1.12758 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024); 143-170 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12758/6081 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/12862 2026-01-19T15:25:31Z litigasi:ART

ANALISIS YURIDIS PENGUASAAN TANAH TERLANTAR EX HAK GUNA USAHA OLEH MASYARAKAT DESA KASOMALANG ANALISIS YURIDIS PENGUASAAN TANAH TERLANTAR EX HAK GUNA USAHA OLEH MASYARAKAT DESA KASOMALANG Nadya, Alifa Hernawan, Deddy The rapid development of the times and community development has caused an increase in population, but this increase in population was not in line with the availability of land. Land has a very high economic value so that it is everyone's obligation to maintain and retain its existence as an object of economic value. One type of land right is Cultivation Rights, which is the right to manage a piece of land given by the state to a business entity or individual in order to increase productivity and community welfare. This research is normative juridical research with the nature of descriptive research analysis, the data obtained is then analyzed with qualitative juridical methods. The abolition of Cultivation Rights resulted in the status of land becoming state land, so that the state reorganized its use, usage, and ownership through the Minister. If the Cultivation Rights period has expired and more than 2 (two) years the party granted by Cultivation Rights does not carry out the rights renewal process and does not cultivate and utilize the land granted, it cannot have priority rights. On the contrary, people who use land that is not cultivated or used by former rights holders, are entitled to priority rights as proposed by Ter Haar. However, the community still needs to apply for rights through the local Land Office. Keywords      : Cultivation Rights, Abandoned Land, Land reform. Perkembangan zaman yang kian pesat serta perkembangan penduduk menyebabkan peningkatan populasi, akan tetapi peningkatan populasi ini tidak sejalan dengan ketersediaan lahan/tanah. Tanah mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang sangat tinggi sehingga menjadi kewajiban setiap orang untuk memelihara dan mempertahankan eksistensi sebagai benda yang bernilai ekonomi. Salah satu jenis hak atas tanah adalah Hak Guna Usaha (HGU), yaitu hak untuk mengelola sebidang tanah yang diberikan oleh negara kepada suatu badan usaha atau perorangan dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif analisis, data yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan metode yuridis kualitatif. Hapusnya HGU mengakibatkan status tanah menjadi tanah negara, sehingga negara melakukan penataan kembali atas penggunaan, pemanfaatan, dan kepemilikannya melalui Menteri. Bilamana jangka waktu HGU telah habis tetapi lebih dari 2 (dua) tahun pihak yang diberikan HGU tidak melakukan proses perpanjangan hak serta tidak mengusahakan dan memanfaatkan tanah yang diberikan, maka tidak dapat memiliki hak prioritas. Akan tetapi sebaliknya, masyarakat yang memanfaatkan tanah yang tidak diusahakan maupun dimanfaatkan oleh ex pemegang hak, maka berhak memiliki hak prioritas sebagaimana teori bola yang dikemukakan oleh Ter Haar. Akan tetapi masyarakat tetap perlu melakukan permohonan hak melalui Kantor Pertanahan setempat. Kata Kunci : Hak Guna Usaha, Tanah Terlantar, Landreform. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12862 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1.12862 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024); 124-142 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/12862/6084 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/13149 2026-01-19T15:25:31Z litigasi:ART

KAJIAN PERLUASAN KUALIFIKASI MAKNA BARANG DALAM YURISPRUDENSI HUKUM PIDANA BELANDA DAN INDONESIA DI ERA SIBER KAJIAN PERLUASAN KUALIFIKASI MAKNA BARANG DALAM YURISPRUDENSI HUKUM PIDANA BELANDA DAN INDONESIA DI ERA SIBER Hardinanto, Aris Barda Nawawi Arief Setiyono, Joko The development of information technology, especially the internet, has affected criminal law. One of the resulting impacts is the qualification of goods in the cyber era. The development of criminal law in the Netherlands, particularly the Criminal Code, related to information technology is progressive regarding the qualification of goods, including cases related to the interpretation of goods in cyberspace by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. This article argues that Dutch criminal law has repeatedly extended the qualification of the meaning of goods related to cybercrime through the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. The expansion of the qualification of goods in Dutch criminal law contextually includes account balances, online gaming features, and credit. Indonesian jurisprudence has once expanded the scope of goods in deciding account balance cases. The extension of the qualification of goods, including computer data in the National Criminal Code, based on problematic decisions of the Arnhem High Court in the Netherlands, is contradictory to the spirit of national criminal law reform. Keywords: Qualification, Goods, Criminal Law. Perkembangan teknologi informasi khususnya internet berdampak kepada hukum pidana. Salah satu dampak yang ditimbulkan adalah kualifikasi barang di era siber. Perkembangan hukum pidana di Belanda khususnya Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) berkaitan dengan teknologi informasi bersifat progresif sehubungan dengan kualifikasi barang, termasuk kasus-kasus yang berkaitan dengan pemaknaan barang di ruang siber oleh Mahkamah Agung Belanda. Dalam artikel ini dikemukakan bahwa hukum pidana Belanda telah berkali-kali memperluas kualifikasi makna barang yang berkaitan dengan kejahatan siber melalui yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung Belanda. Perluasan kualifikasi barang pada hukum pidana Belanda secara konteks meliputi saldo rekening, fitur permainan daring, dan pulsa. Yurisprudensi Indonesia satu kali memperluas cakupan barang dalam memutus perkara saldo rekening. Perluasan kualifikasi barang termasuk data komputer dalam KUHP Nasional yang mendasarkan pada putusan pengadilan tinggi Arnhem Belanda problematik sehingga bertentangan dengan semangat pembaharuan hukum pidana nasional. Kata Kunci: Kualifikasi, Barang, Hukum Pidana. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/13149 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1.13149 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024); 171-191 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/13149/6085 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/13320 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

CAN PENAL MEDIATION SOLVE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE? INSIGHTS FROM ISLAMIC LAW CAN PENAL MEDIATION SOLVE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE? INSIGHTS FROM ISLAMIC LAW Kania, Dede Rahmannillah , Vienka Anggarainiko, Litya Surisdani Mediation Islamic Law Violence Domestic violence remains a pressing issue, with approximately 70% of cases resolved through penal mediation in recent years. In West Java Province alone, nearly 3,000 cases of domestic violence have been recorded, highlighting the urgency of effective resolution mechanisms. Penal mediation has emerged as an alternative approach, yet its alignment with Islamic legal principles remains underexplored. Islamic law strictly prohibits acts of violence, as it is a religion that upholds human dignity and peace. This study aims to examine the principles of Islamic law in the application of penal mediation to domestic violence cases and to identify the challenges faced in its implementation from both general and Islamic perspectives. Employing an empirical juridical method, this research gathers qualitative data through interviews, field observations, and literature reviews. The findings reveal a strong correlation between Islamic legal principles and penal mediation, with Surah An-Nisa verse 35 serving as a foundational reference for mediation efforts. However, the study also uncovers normative challenges, including inconsistencies in regulatory frameworks and misinterpretations of Islamic law regarding reconciliation and peace. The novelty of this research lies in its integration of Islamic legal principles with contemporary penal mediation practices, providing a unique perspective on addressing domestic violence. By bridging legal theory and religious doctrine, this study contributes to the development of more culturally and ethically grounded mediation practices, offering valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and religious scholars. Domestic violence remains a pressing issue, with approximately 70% of cases resolved through penal mediation in recent years. In West Java Province alone, nearly 3,000 cases of domestic violence have been recorded, highlighting the urgency of effective resolution mechanisms. Penal mediation has emerged as an alternative approach, yet its alignment with Islamic legal principles remains underexplored. Islamic law strictly prohibits acts of violence, as it is a religion that upholds human dignity and peace. This study aims to examine the principles of Islamic law in the application of penal mediation to domestic violence cases and to identify the challenges faced in its implementation from both general and Islamic perspectives. Employing an empirical juridical method, this research gathers qualitative data through interviews, field observations, and literature reviews. The findings reveal a strong correlation between Islamic legal principles and penal mediation, with Surah An-Nisa verse 35 serving as a foundational reference for mediation efforts. However, the study also uncovers normative challenges, including inconsistencies in regulatory frameworks and misinterpretations of Islamic law regarding reconciliation and peace. The novelty of this research lies in its integration of Islamic legal principles with contemporary penal mediation practices, providing a unique perspective on addressing domestic violence. By bridging legal theory and religious doctrine, this study contributes to the development of more culturally and ethically grounded mediation practices, offering valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and religious scholars. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/13320 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.13320 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 172-187 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/13320/8811 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/13513 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PERATURAN DALAM MELAKUKAN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PERATURAN DALAM MELAKUKAN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA Dwinanda, Irfan Alfieansyah Initial Public Offering Stock Exchange Investor Forward Looking Statement The capital market plays a significant role in a country's economy, as it enables the functioning of economic and financial activities. Indonesia ranks first among ASEAN countries in terms of market capitalization, and the Financial Services Authority and the Indonesia Stock Exchange predict that the Indonesian stock market's capitalization still has the potential to grow even larger. The opportunity for significant capitalization encourages the government to facilitate IPO requirements, especially for start-ups and medium-sized enterprises. However, easing IPO requirements may have both positive and negative impacts on investors, securities, and issuers (company). This study is a normative juridical research using secondary data, which is then analyzed qualitatively. The research findings indicate that the number of companies conducting IPOs does not necessarily reflect the quality of the stock exchange. By granting permission to companies that have not yet recorded profits for IPOs, investors are encouraged to speculate on the movement of stock prices and the condition of the market. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate regulations regarding IPOs that still prioritize the principle of full disclosure. Pasar modal memiliki peran yang cukup penting terhadap perekonomian suatu negara, karena melalui pasar modal dapat menjalankan fungsi ekonomi dan fungsi keuangan. Indonesia berada dalam urutan pertama negara dengan market kapital terbesar di ASEAN, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan Bursa Efek Indonesia memperkirakan kapitalisasi bursa Indonesia masih berpeluang lebih besar lagi. Peluang kapitalisasi bursa yang besar membuat Pemerintah mendorong perusahaan-perusahaan dalam negeri untuk melaksanakan IPO dengan mempermudah persyaratan IPO terutama bagi perusahaan rintias (startup) dan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah, terlebih ekonomi Indonesia ditopang oleh kegiatan UMKM dengan kontribusi sebesar 61,07% dari total Produk Domestik Bruto Indonesia. Sejalan dengan semangat Pemerintah dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan kapitalisasi bursa Indonesia, Bursa Efek Indonesia selaku pengawas, pendukung, dan fasilitator perdagangan efek di Indonesia pun turut merubah Peraturan Bursa Efek Indonesia. Semangat Pemerintah dalam meningkatkan jumlah perusahaan untuk melakukan IPO tentu memiliki dampak positif dan negatif, dampak negatif dari melonggarkan persyaratan untuk melakukan IPO dapat dirasakan oleh investor, perusahaan sekuritas, dan emiten. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/13513 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.13513 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 204-222 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/13513/8814 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/14574 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

REGIONAL VICE HEADS: POWER PLAYERS OR MERE PUPPETS? UNPACKING THE CONTRADICTIONS IN LAW NO. 23/2014 REGIONAL VICE HEADS: POWER PLAYERS OR MERE PUPPETS? UNPACKING THE CONTRADICTIONS IN LAW NO. 23/2014 Arifin, Firdaus Deputy Regional Head Local Government Principle Based Authorization The role of the deputy regional head in Indonesia is primarily intended to complement the regional head by assisting in the execution of governmental duties. However, the ambiguity surrounding the deputy’s authority has emerged as a critical issue, often resulting in disharmony between regional heads and their deputies. If left unresolved, this tension may disrupt regional governance and prompt considerations of abolishing the deputy regional head position altogether. This study employs a normative juridical approach, analyzing secondary data through qualitative juridical methods to produce a descriptive narrative. The findings reveal that the regional head’s authority frequently overshadows the deputy’s role, rendering the deputy regional head largely symbolic and ineffective. This power imbalance has been a recurring source of conflict. To address this, the study proposes a Principle-Based Authorization Model to clearly define and strengthen the deputy’s authority, ensuring a more balanced and harmonious relationship. The urgency of this issue necessitates action from both the government and parliament to revise Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government or to introduce specific regulations delineating the deputy’s responsibilities. By empowering the deputy regional head’s role, this reform could enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of regional governance, contributing to more stable and cooperative leadership at the regional level. The role of the deputy regional head in Indonesia is primarily intended to complement the regional head by assisting in the execution of governmental duties. However, the ambiguity surrounding the deputy’s authority has emerged as a critical issue, often resulting in disharmony between regional heads and their deputies. If left unresolved, this tension may disrupt regional governance and prompt considerations of abolishing the deputy regional head position altogether. This study employs a normative juridical approach, analyzing secondary data through qualitative juridical methods to produce a descriptive narrative. The findings reveal that the regional head’s authority frequently overshadows the deputy’s role, rendering the deputy regional head largely symbolic and ineffective. This power imbalance has been a recurring source of conflict. To address this, the study proposes a Principle-Based Authorization Model to clearly define and strengthen the deputy’s authority, ensuring a more balanced and harmonious relationship. The urgency of this issue necessitates action from both the government and parliament to revise Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government or to introduce specific regulations delineating the deputy’s responsibilities. By empowering the deputy regional head’s role, this reform could enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of regional governance, contributing to more stable and cooperative leadership at the regional level. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/14574 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.14574 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 1-19 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/14574/8803 Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/15157 2026-01-23T04:14:07Z litigasi:ART

Indonesia's Legal Policy in Responding to China's Trade War Retaliation Against the United States Based on the Principle of Protectionism: Politik Hukum Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Retaliasi Perang Dagang China terhadap Amerika Serikat Berdasarkan Prinsip Proteksionisme Indonesia's Legal Policy in Responding to China's Trade War Retaliation Against the United States Based on the Principle of Protectionism: Politik Hukum Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Retaliasi Perang Dagang China terhadap Amerika Serikat Berdasarkan Prinsip Proteksionisme Rastuti, Tuti Khoirudin, Andian Achya Dzikriyyah International Trade Protection Retiliation Economic Perdangan Internasional Proteksionisme Retaliasi Ekonomi The trade war between the United States and China, driven by protectionist policies, has significantly disrupted global trade flows. For Indonesia, the conflict impacts exports, imports, and investment, while raising three critical: protecting domestic industries, maintaining neutral trade relations, and adhering to the principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Indonesia must formulate a balanced legal and trade strategy that upholds both national interests and international obligations. This study analyzes Indonesia’s legal-political response to China’s trade war retaliation against the United States, emphasizing the application of protectionist principles within the WTO framework. Employing normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study draws on WTO agreements, national trade laws, and relevant case studies. The research findings indicate that Indonesia is able to maintain economic stability and promote peaceful relations with both conflicting countries through trade cooperation, while remaining compliant with the principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The "free and active" foreign policy is implemented as a form of “strategic hedging” or “pragmatic engagement” in Indonesia’s international trade policy. This concept serves to mitigate the risks associated with global trade war retaliation. Such a trade policy is in line with Indonesia’s foreign policy as mandated by the Constitution. Perang dagang antara Amerika Serikat dan China, yang dipicu oleh kebijakan proteksionisme telah memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap dinamika perdagangan global. Bagi Indonesia, konflik ini mempengaruhi ekspor, impor, dan investasi asing, serta menimbulkan tiga tantangan utama perdagangan internasional yaitu, harus memberikan perlindungan industri dalam negeri, menjaga hubungan kerjasama perdagang yang netral, dan tetap mematuhi prinsip-prinsip Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO). Dalam konteks tersebut, Indonesia perlu merumuskan solusi bijak dalam merespon hukum dan strategi dagang yang seimbang antara kepentingan nasional dan komitmen internasional. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis politik hukum Indonesia menghadapi retaliasi perang dagang Amerika Serikat dengan China, dan fokus pada penerapan prinsip proteksionisme dalam kerangka WTO. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, yang didasarkan pada sumber hukum berupa perjanjian WTO, peraturan perdagangan nasional terkait perdagangan global, dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dapat menjaga stabilitas ekonomi, dan menjaga perdamaian dengan kedua negara berkonflik melalui kerja sama perdagangan, serta tetap patuh menjalankan prinsip-prinsip WTO. Politik luar negeri “bebas aktif” diterapkan dan berfungsi sebagai “strategic hedging” atau “pragmatic engagement” dalam kebijakan perdagangan internasional Indonesia. Konsep ini dipergunakan untuk memitigasi risiko menghadapi retaliasi perang dagang global. Kebijakan perdagangan ini sejalan dengan politik luar negeri Indonesia amanat konstitusi. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/15157 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.15157 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 26-66 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/15157/12043 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/17205 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

KONVERGENSI HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA: ANALISIS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN TATA USAHA NEGARA YANG MENGANDUNG UNSUR HUKUM PERDATA Pantja Astawa, I Gde State Administrative Decree PTUN administrative law private law overlapping jurisdiction The State Administrative Decision (KTUN) plays a central role in regulating the relationship between the government and society. However, the exclusion of KTUN classified as a civil legal action, as stipulated in Article 2 letter a of Law No. 5 of 1986 concerning the State Administrative Court, has created ambiguity and the potential for overlapping jurisdiction between the State Administrative Court (PTUN) and the General Court. This study aims to analyze the convergence of administrative law and private law within the context of KTUN and provide recommendations for resolving the contradictions in the existing legal framework. This research employs a normative legal method, utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches, and analyzes data from regulations and court decisions. The findings reveal that the terminological confusion within the State Administrative Court Law causes legal uncertainty and overlapping jurisdiction between the PTUN and general courts. The implications of this study highlight the need for revising the PTUN Law to eliminate the exclusion of State Administrative Decree involving private law elements, along with improving the competence of judges in handling disputes that involve the convergence of administrative and private law. Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara yang merupakan perbuatan hukum perdata, dalam ketentuan Pasal 2 UU PTUN adalah pengecualian dari kewenangan Pengadilan Tata Usaha untuk memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus. Ketentuan a quo dalam praktek sering menimbulkan tarik menarik kewenangan antara PTUN dan Peradilan Umum. PTUN mengklaim berwenang dilihat dari sisi keabsahan KTUN yg diterbitkan, sedangkan Peradilan Umum pun mengklaim berwenang mengadilinya dari sisi perbuatan hukum perdatanya. Tarik menarik kewenangan di antara kedua pengadilan tersebut menjadi menarik unt diteliti dlm tulisan ini agar dapat diketemukan jalan ke luar yg berkenaan peradilan mana yg memiliki kompetensi absolut menangani permasalahan yg terkait dgn Pasal 2 UU PTUN. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17205 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.17205 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 20-42 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17205/8804 Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/17313 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

MENAKAR PENEGAKAN HUKUM PRAKTIK POLITIK UANG (MONEY POLITIC) DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN PEMILU (ELECTORAL JUSTICE) MENAKAR PENEGAKAN HUKUM PRAKTIK POLITIK UANG (MONEY POLITIC) DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN PEMILU (ELECTORAL JUSTICE) Kurnia, Kamal fahmi Election Justice Law Enforcement Money politics The mechanism for enforcing money politics law has 2 (two) different legal dimensions, namely the election criminal dimension and the election administration dimension. Such conditions give rise to legal uncertainty in the process of enforcing the money politics that occurs. The principle of electoral justice is an important perspective in the process of enforcing money politics laws. This research aims to construct Money politics Law Enforcement that can Achieve Electoral Justice in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical approach, with secondary data as the main data. The data collection method was carried out by literature study of secondary data. Next, data analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive methods. The conclusion of this research states that the construction of law enforcement of money political practices in the implementation of elections in Indonesia can be carried out by constructing 2 (two) aspects, namely certainty regarding types of money politics violations as a special type of criminal violation for elections and constructing law enforcement of money political practices through the establishment of judicial institutions. especially elections. Mekanisme dalam penegakan hukum politik uang memiliki 2 dimensi hukum yang berbeda, yaitu dimensi pidana pemilu dan dimensi administrasi pemilu. Kondisi demikian menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam proses penegakan hukum politik uang yang terjadi. Prinsip keadilan pemilu (electoral justice) menjadi perspektif yang penting dalam proses penegakan hukum politik uang tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksikan Penegakan Hukum Politik Uang yang dapat Mewujudkan Keadilan Pemilu Di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan data sekunder sebagai data utama. Metode pengumpulan data dengan studi pustaka terhadap data sekunder. Selanjutnya analisis data melalui metode deskriptif kualitatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa konstruksi penegakan hukum praktik politik uang dalam penyelenggaraan Pemilu di Indonesia melalui rekonstruksi 2 aspek yaitu kepastian terhadap jenis pelanggaran politik uang sebagai jenis pelanggaran pidana khusus pemilu serta mengkonstruksikan penegakan hukum praktik politik uang melalui pembentukan lembaga peradilan khusus pemilu. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17313 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.17313 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 80-100 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17313/8807 Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/17359 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

KONSTRUKSI YURIDIS PENGATURAN BANTUAN JURU BAHASA BAGI TERDAKWA KONSTRUKSI YURIDIS PENGATURAN BANTUAN JURU BAHASA BAGI TERDAKWA Susilo, Erwin Rafi, Muhammad Interpreter defendant Human Rights The defendant has the right to present a defense, and to guarantee that the defendants must understand the facts that arise during trials. The Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), yet still superficial, does regulate the mechanism for appointing an interpreter. This study aims to elaborate: first, the urgency of an interpreter during trial; and second, how the law regulates the existence of an interpreter assistance for defendants. This research uses a normative juridical method. Based on the problem mentioned above, the conclusion is as follows: First, the appointment of an interpreter aims to ensure equality between the defendant and the prosecutor. Those conditions will lead to a verdict based on substantive truth by the judge. Second, the judge must use an official decree to appoint an interpreter, granting them legal authority during the trial. Before the interpreter translates any facts in the trial, they must first take an oath or pledge. An interpreter who provides intentionally false translations will be charged under Article 242 of the Criminal Code. Additionally, an interpreter who has been appointed but fails to fulfill their duties can be penalized under Article 224 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, and if the interpreter unlawfully fails to appear, they can be penalized under Article 522 of the Criminal Code. This study recommends that future reforms of the Criminal Procedure Code explicitly state that judges should appoint interpreters through official decrees and interpreters should be certified and integrated into the criminal justice system. Terdakwa berhak untuk mengajukan pembelaan, dan untuk menjamin agar terdakwa dapat mengajukan pembelaan, segala sesuatu yang terjadi di persidangan harus terdakwa mengerti. KUHAP tidak menentukan mekanisme secara rinci tentang penunjukan juru bahasa. Penelitian ini hendak menjawab pertanyaan: pertama, apakah urgensi bantuan juru bahasa bagi terdakwa yang tidak bisa berbahasa Indonesia; dan kedua, bagaimana konstruksi yuridis pengaturan bantuan juru bahasa bagi terdakwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, di mana berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan diperoleh jawaban atas permasalahan yang diangkat. Pertama, penunjukan juru bahasa bertujuan untuk memastikan adanya kesamaan kedudukan antara terdakwa dan penuntut umum, sehingga memungkinkan hakim untuk menjatuhkan putusan yang didasarkan pada kebenaran materiil. Kedua, hakim harus menggunakan penetapan untuk menunjuk juru bahasa, yang memberikan legalitas kepada juru bahasa untuk membantu terdakwa dalam menerjemahkan selama persidangan. Sebelum juru bahasa menerjemahkan segala sesuatu di persidangan, ia harus terlebih dahulu mengucapkan sumpah atau janji. Juru bahasa yang menerjemahkan secara palsu dapat dikenakan pidana menurut Pasal 242 KUHP. Selain itu, juru bahasa yang telah ditunjuk tetapi tidak memenuhi kewajibannya dapat dipidana menurut Pasal 224 ayat (1) KUHP, dan jika juru bahasa tidak datang secara melawan hukum, ia dapat dipidana menurut Pasal 522 KUHP. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar reformasi KUHAP ke depan dengan tegas menyebutkan penunjukan juru bahasa oleh hakim menggunakan penetapan dan juru bahasa yang tersertifikasi harus terintegrasi dalam sistem peradilan terpadu (integrated criminal justice system). Kata Kunci: Juru bahasa, terdakwa, hak asasi manusia. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17359 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.17359 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 188-203 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17359/8813 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/17862 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM TINDAK PIDANA DI BIDANG KETENAGAKERJAAN PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM TINDAK PIDANA DI BIDANG KETENAGAKERJAAN Zenno Januarsyah, Mas Putra Restorative Justice Employment Crimes In practice, a significant number of criminal cases within the domain of employment have been resolved through the implementation of restorative justice methodologies, particularly in instances where wage violations have occurred below the established minimum wage. However, there are no specific regulations governing the implementation of restorative justice as a mechanism for resolving criminal cases in the employment sector. The issues addressed in this research pertain to the regulation of restorative justice in the resolution of criminal cases in the field of employment in Indonesia and the implementation of restorative justice in the resolution of labor crime cases. This research is descriptive and of a normative juridical nature, utilizing secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. It employs a statute approach and a case approach, and is subsequently analyzed using qualitative methods. The research findings indicate that there is no specific legislation governing the implementation of restorative justice in the resolution of criminal cases pertaining to labor in Indonesia. However, the Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice and Republic of Indonesia State Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning Handling of Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice may serve as a potential reference point for the application of restorative justice in labor-related offenses. Then, the application of restorative justice in resolving criminal cases has in practice been carried out in cases of criminal violations of employment in paying wages... Pada praktiknya, banyak perkara tindak pidana dibidang ketenagakerjaan yang telah diselesaikan dengan mengadopsi metode restorative justice, terutama terhadap tindak pidana pembayaran upah dibawah upah minimum, namun belum ada aturan yang mengatur secara khusus penerapan restorative justice sebagai salah satu mekanisme penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana dibidang ketenagakerjaan. Adapun permasalahan yang ditarik dalam penilitian ini yaitu terkait pengaturan restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana dibidang ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia dan penerapan restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana ketenagakerjaan. Spesifikasi penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, menggunakan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach), selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa tidak ada pengaturan secara khusus penerapan restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana dibidang ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia, akan tetapi peraturan yang memungkinkan dapat digunakan sebagai landasan penerapan restorative justice dalam tindak pidana ketenagakerjaan ialah Peraturan Kejaksaan Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif. Kemudian, penerapan restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana ketenagakerjaan pada praktiknya telah dilakukan dalam kasus pelanggaran tindak pidana ketenagakerjaan membayar upah dibawah ketentuan upah minimum yang dilakukan oleh PT. JDP, sudah masuk ke tahap penyidikan dan telah menetapkan seorang HRD dan GA PT. JDP sebagai tersangka. Akan tetapi, PT. JDP tetap melakukan perundingan-perundingan bipartit dengan korban (dalam hal ini mantan karyawannya), yang mana hal tersebut menghasilkan titik temu, sehingga antara PT. JDP dengan korban sepakat untuk berdamai dan penyidikanpun dihentikan (SP3) Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17862 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.17862 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 43-61 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17862/8805 Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/17914 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

STATUS ANAK DALAM PERKAWINAN CAMPURAN: KEWAJIBAN NEGARA DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM Status Anak dalam Perkawinan Campuran: Kewajiban Negara dan Implikasi Hukum Perlindungan Hak Anak Naswar, Naswar Maskun Abdul Rahman Muhammad Mutawalli Mukhlis Tia Ludiana Mixed marriages legal status of children implication of law A mixed marriage is a marriage between two people from different countries or cultures. This can give rise to various legal issues, especially related to the status of children born from the marriage. Mixed marriages have become increasingly common in this era of globalization. However, when couples with different nationalities This article examines various legal issues that often arise from mixed marriages, especially related to the status of children born from the marriage, both related to family law, civil law, and children's rights. This article aims to contribute to understanding the legal complexities that arise from mixed marriages such as the legal aspects of mixed marriages, the rights and obligations of mixed marriage couples, the implementation of the legal aspects of mixed marriages in Indonesia, and the challenges and solutions in the implementation of the legal aspects of mixed marriages and provide insights that can be used to formulate improvements in legal policies and protection of children's rights at the national and international levels. In compiling the article, the researcher chose to use a normative legal approach method, by searching for regulations and literature related to issues regarding the status of children in mixed marriages. The results or findings of this article are that there are rights and obligations of mixed marriage couples, for example, they have the right to obtain citizenship from their husband/wife and must ensure that their marriage complies with the provisions of Indonesian marriage law. The implementation of the legal aspects of mixed marriages in Indonesia... A mixed marriage is a marriage between two people who come from different countries or cultures. This can give rise to various legal problems, especially related to the status of children born from the marriage. Mixed marriages have become increasingly common in this era of globalization. However, when a husband and wife have different nationalities, this article examines the various legal problems that often arise from mixed marriages, especially those relating to the status of children born from the marriage, relating to family law, civil law, and children's rights. This article aims to contribute to understanding the legal complexities arising from mixed marriages such as the legal aspects of mixed marriages, the rights and obligations of mixed marriage couples, the implementation of legal aspects of mixed marriages in Indonesia, and the challenges and solutions in implementing legal aspects. mixed marriages and provide insights that can be used to formulate improvements in legal policies and the protection of children's rights at national and international levels. Having children, questions often arise regarding the child's legal status. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17914 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.17914 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 101-129 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/17914/8808 Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18009 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE CROSSFIRE: EXAMINING INDONESIA'S DIVORCE LEGAL CULTURE CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE CROSSFIRE: EXAMINING INDONESIA'S DIVORCE LEGAL CULTURE Sri Ciptorukmi, Anjar Safira Rahma, Adalia Legal Culture Family Resilience Divorce The divorce rate in Indonesia has shown a significant annual increase, rising from 20.24% in 2018 to 29.39% in 2023, with an average growth of approximately 2% per year. This study examines the legal culture surrounding divorce in Indonesian courts and explores the potential for law to transform societal attitudes and practices. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research relies on secondary data, including court decisions, prior studies, and relevant legislation, analyzed through interactive methods. The findings reveal five key aspects of Indonesian legal culture related to divorce: (1) most divorce filings are initiated by wives; (2) divorces frequently occur during the early years of marriage; (3) child rights are often overlooked in divorce lawsuits; (4) many cases proceed without the defendant’s presence; and (5) societal norms tend to tolerate fathers neglecting financial responsibilities toward their families. These findings highlight the urgency of employing legal mechanisms to reshape societal attitudes toward divorce. The study proposes several measures to address these issues: emphasizing shared family responsibilities between spouses, mandating premarital counseling and family support programs, explicitly outlining divorce consequences in court rulings, broadening participation in divorce trials, and strengthening regulations on the enforcement and supervision of child and spousal maintenance rights. These recommendations aim to create a more equitable and accountable legal culture, contributing to the long-term stability and well-being of families in Indonesia. The divorce rate in Indonesia has shown a significant annual increase, rising from 20.24% in 2018 to 29.39% in 2023, with an average growth of approximately 2% per year. This study examines the legal culture surrounding divorce in Indonesian courts and explores the potential for law to transform societal attitudes and practices. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research relies on secondary data, including court decisions, prior studies, and relevant legislation, analyzed through interactive methods. The findings reveal five key aspects of Indonesian legal culture related to divorce: (1) most divorce filings are initiated by wives; (2) divorces frequently occur during the early years of marriage; (3) child rights are often overlooked in divorce lawsuits; (4) many cases proceed without the defendant’s presence; and (5) societal norms tend to tolerate fathers neglecting financial responsibilities toward their families. These findings highlight the urgency of employing legal mechanisms to reshape societal attitudes toward divorce. The study proposes several measures to address these issues: emphasizing shared family responsibilities between spouses, mandating premarital counseling and family support programs, explicitly outlining divorce consequences in court rulings, broadening participation in divorce trials, and strengthening regulations on the enforcement and supervision of child and spousal maintenance rights. These recommendations aim to create a more equitable and accountable legal culture, contributing to the long-term stability and well-being of families in Indonesia. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18009 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18009 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 130-149 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18009/8809 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18342 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

REFORMULASI PERATURAN TENTANG DISABILITAS DALAM BIDANG PENDIDIKAN BERDASARKAN NILAI KEADILAN SOSIAL Lestari, Eta Yuni Diamantina , Amalia Maskur, Muhammad Azil Santi, Yeni Reformulation disability law education social justice Fulfilling the rights of persons with disabilities is a shared responsibility between the government and society. Philosophically and juridically, the legal umbrella is the basis for fulfilling the rights of persons with disabilities in various fields. In reality, there is still discrimination against people with disabilities in various areas of life, including in the field of education. The problem formulation in this paper aims to examine how the reformulation of disability law policy in the education sector is in line with the values ​​of social justice. This research is normative legal research using a conceptual, statutory approach. Sources of legal materials are primary legal materials, namely from legislation, books and journals. The data collection method uses library research, analyzed using a deductive thinking process to draw conclusions. The results of the research show that legal reformulation of persons with disabilities in the education sector is carried out with reference to philosophical (in accordance with Pancasila), juridical (harmonization and synchronization) of regulations regarding persons with disabilities both based on national and global law), and sociological (discrimination against persons with disabilities still occurs). which is contrary to human rights). The reformulation framework proposed by the author, harmonization and synchronization in the use of the term and classification of "disability" in legislation, harmonization and synchronization of rights in the field of education, reviewing inclusive school policies so that they comply with the principles of social justice. Pemenuhan hak untuk penyandang disabilitas menjadi tanggungjawab bersama antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat. Payung hukum secara filosofis dan yuridis menjadi dasar dalam pemenuhan hak penyandang disabilitas dalam berbagai bidang. Realitanya, masih terjadi diskriminasi terhadap penyandang disabilitas diberbagai bidang kehidupan termasuk dalam bidang pendidikan. Rumusan masalah dalam makalah ini ingin mengkaji tentang, bagaimana reformulasi kebijakan hukum disabilitas dalam bidang pendidikan yang sesuai dengan nilai keadilan sosial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normative/doctrinal/dogmatic dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan. Sumber bahan hukum berupa bahan hukum primer yaitu dari perundang-undangan, buku, dan jurnal. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan, dianalisis dengan proses berpikir deduktif sebagai penarikan kesimpulan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan, reformulasi hukum penyandang disabilitas dalam bidang pendidikan dilaksanakan dengan mengacu pada dasar filosofis (sesuai dengan Pancasila), yuridis (harmonisasi dan sinkronisasi) peraturan tentang penyandang disabilitas baik berdasarkan hukum nasional maupun global), dan sosiologis (masih terjadi diskriminasi pada penyandang disabilitas yang bertentangan dengan hak asasi manusia). Kerangka reformulasi yang diusulkan penulis, harmonisasi dan sinkronisasi dalam penggunaan istilah dan penggolongan “disabilitas” dalam peraturan Perundangan, harmonisasi dan sinkronisasi hak dalam bidang pendidikan, mengkaji ulang kebijakan sekolah inklusif agar sesuai prinsip keadilan sosial. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18342 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18342 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 150-171 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18342/8810 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18489 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM DALAM KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT PADA BIDANG POLITIK: PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DAN KETERLIBATAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENERAPAN UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK (UU ITE) DI INDONESIA PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM DALAM KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT PADA BIDANG POLITIK: PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DAN KETERLIBATAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENERAPAN UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK (UU ITE) DI INDONESIA Halimah, Lili Hidayah, Yayuk Kebebasan berpendapat UU ITE Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Kebebasan berpendapat di era digital menjadi isu penting dalam politik Indonesia, terutama terkait penerapan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE). Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dampak UU ITE terhadap kebebasan berpendapat dengan pendekatan hukum normatif. Data yang digunakan mencakup bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa UU ITE, meskipun bertujuan melindungi masyarakat dari informasi negatif, sering digunakan untuk membatasi kebebasan berpendapat, khususnya bagi pengkritik politik. Ketidakpastian hukum akibat pasal-pasal mengenai penyebaran informasi dan ujaran kebencian menciptakan tekanan bagi individu untuk menghindari sanksi. Penelitian menekankan pentingnya keseimbangan antara perlindungan masyarakat dan hak kebebasan berpendapat melalui penegakan hukum yang adil. Selain itu, pemahaman UU ITE dalam pendidikan kewarganegaraan krusial untuk mengedukasi masyarakat mengenai hak dan kewajiban hukum. Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam advokasi dan pemantauan dapat mendorong penerapan UU ITE yang adil, sehingga hak-hak politik individu tetap terjaga. Dalam era digital saat ini, kebebasan berpendapat menjadi isu krusial dalam sistem politik, tetapi penerapan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) di Indonesia sering menimbulkan kontroversi mengenai batasan yang diberlakukan terhadap hak tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak UU ITE terhadap kebebasan berpendapat dalam konteks politik, dengan fokus pada tinjauan dari perspektif hukum, pendidikan kewarganegaraan, dan keterlibatan masyarakat. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, yang berupaya mengidentifikasi aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip, dan doktrin yang relevan untuk menjawab isu-isu hukum terkait UU ITE. Data yang digunakan mencakup bahan hukum primer yang memiliki kekuatan mengikat, bahan hukum sekunder yang memberikan konteks tambahan, serta bahan hukum tersier yang mendukung pemahaman hukum lebih luas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU ITE, meskipun dirancang untuk melindungi masyarakat dari informasi negatif dan hoaks, sering kali digunakan untuk membatasi kebebasan berpendapat, khususnya dalam konteks politik. Pasal-pasal mengenai penyebaran informasi dan ujaran kebencian dapat menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum, membuat individu, terutama pengkritik politik, merasa tertekan untuk membatasi ekspresi mereka demi menghindari sanksi hukum. Perspektif hukum menekankan pentingnya menyeimbangkan perlindungan masyarakat dengan hak kebebasan berpendapat melalui penegakan hukum yang adil dan transparan. Dari sudut pandang Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai UU ITE adalah kunci untuk mengedukasi warga negara tentang hak dan kewajiban mereka serta batasan-batasan hukum.  Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18489 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18489 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 254-268 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18489/8816 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18517 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

PERTIMBANGAN MAJELIS ARBITER DALAM MENETAPKAN CISG SEBAGAI APPLICABLE SUBSTANTIVE LAW : Indonesia Pertimbangan Majelis Arbiter dalam Menetapkan CISG sebagai Applicable Substantive Law pada Arbitrase: Indonesia Latifah, Emmy Hartanto, Heri Setiyawan, Anang Maheswari, Yoan Amadina applicable substantive law, arbitration, CISG, choice of law, international sale of goods contract applicable substantive law arbitration CISG choice of law international sale of goods contract The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is an international legal instrument that can be chosen as the choice of law in international commercial contracts. Consequently, CISG is applied as the substantive law governing the resolution of disputes between contracting parties. However, in arbitration forums, the application of CISG as substantive law may vary depending on the considerations of the arbitral tribunal. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the considerations taken by arbitral tribunals when establishing CISG as the applicable substantive law in several international sale of goods cases. This research is normative legal research using statutory, case-based, and conceptual approaches, with data analyzed through legal interpretation methods. The findings of this study indicate that there are two conditions under which CISG is applied as the applicable substantive law, namely: (1) the application of CISG as the agreed choice of law by the parties; and (2) the application of CISG in situations where there is an absence of a choice of law. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) sebagai salah satu instrumen hukum internasional yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pilihan hukum (choice of law) dalam kontrak komersial internasional. Dalam hal ini, CISG dijadikan applicable substantive lawdalam menyelesaikan sengketa yang timbul diantara para pihak yang berkontrak. Namun demikian, pada proses penyelesaian sengketa di forum arbitrase, majelis arbiter dapat memiliki pertimbangan yang berbeda dalam menerapkan CISG sebagai applicable substantive law. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan hasil analisis yang komprehensif tentang apa yang menjadi pertimbangan majelis arbiter dalam menetapkan CISG sebagai applicable substantive law dalam beberapa kasus jual beli barang internasional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka, sementara teknik analisis data menggunakan interpretasi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga hal yang digunakan sebagai pertimbangan majelis arbiter dalam menerapkan CISG sebagai applicable substantive law pada sengketa jual beli barang internasional. Ketiga hal tersebut adalah CISG digunakan sebagai applicable substantive law berdasarkan pada: (1) choice of law yang telah disepakati oleh para pihak di dalam kontrak mereka (party autonomy); (2) ditentukan secara langsung oleh majelis arbiter (voie directe); dan (3) ditentukan secara tidak langsung oleh majelis arbiter (voie indirecte). Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18517 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18517 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 223-253 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18517/8815 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18538 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

UNCOVERING LEGAL GAPS IN DIGITAL BANKING: CUSTOMER PROTECTION AND BANK ACCOUNTABILITY IN INDONESIA UNCOVERING LEGAL GAPS IN DIGITAL BANKING: CUSTOMER PROTECTION AND BANK ACCOUNTABILITY IN INDONESIA Sriono Risdalina Kusno Kumalasari M, Indra Syahyunan, Hengki Bank Digital Services Customer Protection Sanctions Bank Layanan Digital Perlindungan Nasabah Sanksi The rapid growth of digital banking in Indonesia has necessitated robust legal frameworks to protect digital bank users. This study examines the legal protection available to digital bank customers, focusing on the confidentiality of personal data and the responsibilities of banks under Indonesian law. Utilizing a normative juridical research method, the study relies on library research and an analysis of relevant laws and regulations. The findings reveal that the current legal framework for safeguarding the confidentiality of bank customer data in Indonesia is fragmented and lacks a unified regulatory approach. Legal protection remains incomplete, as it relies on the interplay of multiple regulations without offering comprehensive safeguards. Moreover, the existing mechanisms for addressing breaches of data confidentiality place responsibility primarily on banks, with criminal and administrative liabilities serving as the main avenues for recourse. The novelty of this research lies in its critical evaluation of the gaps in Indonesia's regulatory landscape concerning digital banking, highlighting the need for a cohesive legal framework to ensure stronger protections for customer data. This study contributes to the discourse on digital banking regulation by providing a nuanced understanding of the challenges in safeguarding customer data in Indonesia. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and financial institutions in enhancing data protection measures and fostering trust in digital banking. The rapid growth of digital banking in Indonesia has necessitated robust legal frameworks to protect digital bank users. This study examines the legal protection available to digital bank customers, focusing on the confidentiality of personal data and the responsibilities of banks under Indonesian law. Utilizing a normative juridical research method, the study relies on library research and an analysis of relevant laws and regulations. The findings reveal that the current legal framework for safeguarding the confidentiality of bank customer data in Indonesia is fragmented and lacks a unified regulatory approach. Legal protection remains incomplete, as it relies on the interplay of multiple regulations without offering comprehensive safeguards. Moreover, the existing mechanisms for addressing breaches of data confidentiality place responsibility primarily on banks, with criminal and administrative liabilities serving as the main avenues for recourse. The novelty of this research lies in its critical evaluation of the gaps in Indonesia's regulatory landscape concerning digital banking, highlighting the need for a cohesive legal framework to ensure stronger protections for customer data. This study contributes to the discourse on digital banking regulation by providing a nuanced understanding of the challenges in safeguarding customer data in Indonesia. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and financial institutions in enhancing data protection measures and fostering trust in digital banking. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18538 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18538 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 301-330 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18538/8819 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18666 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

URGENSI KEBIJAKAN KRIMINALISASI TERHADAP PENELANTARAN IZIN USAHA PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA OLEH KORPORASI URGENSI KEBIJAKAN KRIMINALISASI PENELANTARAN IZIN USAHA PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA OLEH KORPORASI Simangunsong, Gusfen Alextron Utama, Yos Johan Rozah, Umi Keywords: Criminalization, Mining, Business License Criminalization Mining Business License Development in the mining sector is an integral part of national development which aims to support industrialization programs to provide domestic raw materials and increase state revenues from foreign exchange and open up the widest possible employment opportunities in order to improve welfare. The implementation of mining business activities must begin with the ownership of a Mining Business License granted to business entities, cooperatives and individuals. The conditions that occur in reality record that there are not a few cases of illegal mining that cost the State around 38 trillion per year. It was recorded in 2021 that there were 2,741 unlicensed mining locations spread across 29 provinces in Indonesia. Of these points, there are 2,645 mineral and coal commodities and 96 coal commodity locations. Given the importance of the mining sector, the government positions the mining sector as the livelihood of many people. As mandated by the Constitution Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Law enforcement of the obligations of Coal Mining Business License holders has not been effective, seen from the five factors that have been fulfilled, namely the legal factors themselves, facility factors, law enforcement factors, legal awareness factors, and legal culture factors have not been able to be optimally implemented as they should. Criminalization of abandonment of Coal Mining Business License by corporations is very important (urgent), where administrative sanctions provided by the Government related to corporations that do not carry out the obligation to submit RKAB are... Kondisi yang terjadi pada kenyataan mencatat bahwa terdapat kasus pertambangan illegal yang tidak sedikit sehingga merugikan Negara sekitar 38 triliun per tahun. Tercatat pada tahun 2021 terjadi penambangan tanpa izin sebanyak 2.741 lokasi yang tersebar di 29 provinsi yang ada di Indonesia. Dari sekian titik, sebanyak 2.645 komoditas minerba dan 96 lokasi komoditas batubara. Baru-baru ini, sebuah penemuan pertambangan illegal di Kalimantan Timur dilaporkan oleh Jaringan Advokasi Tambang (JATAM). Pengakuan seorang eks polisi yang tersangkut kasus tersebut menyatakan bahwa beliau sempat memberikan setoran kepada petinggi di Kepolisian guna mendapat bekingan. Mengingat pentingnya sektor pertambangan, sehingga pemerintah memposisikan sektor pertambangan sebagai hajat hidup orang banyak. Sesuai amanat Konstitusi Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitiis yaitu mengungkapkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan teori hukum yang menjadi objek penelitian. Penegakan hukum kewajiban pemegang Izin Usaha Pertambangan Batubara belum efektif, dilihat dari lima faktor yang sudah terpenuhi, yaitu faktor hukumnya sendiri, faktor fasilitas, faktor penegak hukum, faktor kesadaran hukum, dan faktor budaya hukum belum dapat terselenggara dengan optimal sebagaimana semestinya. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18666 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18666 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 62-79 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18666/8806 Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18674 2026-01-19T15:23:42Z litigasi:ART

Legal Construction of International Business Contracts as an Instrument for Strengthening Banana Cracker Exports and Ogan Banana Supply Chain Management in Lumajang Regency Ratnaningsih Sudjatmiko Hastuti, Sri Maulidandi, Muhammad Akmal Naufaldi Contract Business International Supply Chain Export Today's entrepreneurs prioritize international trade as an important goal in business development, which leads to the formation of international business contracts, but not all entrepreneurs understand the various regulations related to international business contracts, dispute resolution in the event of a dispute, and legal certainty in the event of force majeure. In addition, this study also wants to analyze the provisions for the use of Indonesian in agreements based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2009 concerning the Flag, Language, and National Emblem, as well as the National Anthem, with an analytical knife using the principle of freedom of contact. This research related to international business contracts was inspired by the desires of home industry entrepreneurs in Nogosari Village, Rowokangkung District, Lumajang Regency, who produce "banana crackers" and want to spread their wings into the world of international trade. In addition to understanding the various rules of international business contracts, banana crackers entrepreneurs also face the problem of difficulty in obtaining organic banana raw materials. Fruits have a high water content so they are easily damaged and have a short shelf life. Bananas are a type of fruit that is easily damaged, so there must be a solution, namely producing banana products, one of which is banana crackers and analyzing the management of the Supply Chain.... Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18674 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.18674 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 565-593 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18674/14838 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18698 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

RETHINKING TOURISM VILLAGES: HOW ECOLOGICAL JUSTICE SHAPES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT RETHINKING TOURISM VILLAGES: HOW ECOLOGICAL JUSTICE SHAPES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Wibowo, Dwi Edi Niami, Mutimatun ecological justice tourism village management sustainability community participation local wisdom Tourism village management plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable development, particularly in rural areas endowed with rich biodiversity and natural resource potential. Ecological justice, which underscores equitable access to natural resources and shared responsibility in maintaining ecosystem balance, is a critical concept for ensuring sustainability in tourism village management. This study investigates the integration of ecological justice into tourism village management and examines the challenges and opportunities associated with its implementation. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research explores strategies and policies that promote environmental sustainability while enhancing the welfare of local communities. The findings reveal that participatory approaches, environmental education, and policies rooted in local wisdom are essential for achieving ecological justice. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on ecological justice as a comprehensive framework that transcends economic considerations to incorporate ecological and social equilibrium. By proposing a model for sustainable tourism village management, this research contributes to the discourse on sustainable development, providing practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders in achieving long-term environmental and community welfare objectives. Tourism village management plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable development, particularly in rural areas endowed with rich biodiversity and natural resource potential. Ecological justice, which underscores equitable access to natural resources and shared responsibility in maintaining ecosystem balance, is a critical concept for ensuring sustainability in tourism village management. This study investigates the integration of ecological justice into tourism village management and examines the challenges and opportunities associated with its implementation. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research explores strategies and policies that promote environmental sustainability while enhancing the welfare of local communities. The findings reveal that participatory approaches, environmental education, and policies rooted in local wisdom are essential for achieving ecological justice. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on ecological justice as a comprehensive framework that transcends economic considerations to incorporate ecological and social equilibrium. By proposing a model for sustainable tourism village management, this research contributes to the discourse on sustainable development, providing practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders in achieving long-term environmental and community welfare objectives. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18698 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18698 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 290-300 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18698/8818 Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18699 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

PENGUATAN DEWAN KEHORMATAN PENYELENGGARA PEMILU DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM KODE ETIK PENYELENGGARA PEMILU PENGUATAN DEWAN KEHORMATAN PENYELENGGARA PEMILU DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM KODE ETIK PENYELENGGARA PEMILU Rosidin, Utang Strengthening Violations Code of Ethics The Election Organizer Honorary Council as an institution formed to handle violations of the code of ethics of election organizers applies the principles of maintaining justice, independence, impartiality, and transparency in enforcing the rules or ethical norms that apply to all election organizers, as stipulated in Law Number 7 of 2017. The method used in this study uses a normative legal approach. The results of the study, First, the legal framework for handling violations of the code of ethics of election organizers in Indonesia is a mandate of Law Number 7 of 2017, in Article 1 number 24 which states that the Election Organizer Honorary Council is an institution tasked with handling violations of the code of ethics of Election Organizers. Second, The urgency of law enforcement for violations of the code of ethics of election organizers as an effort to present the integrity of election organizers is the main capital in realizing democratic elections, the presence of the Election Organizer Honorary Council as an institution that is given the authority to handle violations of the code of ethics of election organizers is important in order to realize election organizers with integrity. Third, the Election Organizer Honorary Council in the process of handling alleged violations of the code of ethics of election organizers can be carried out including by carrying out prevention, action, and innovation in various forms of activities carried out in the process of law enforcement against alleged violations of the code of ethics of election organizers. The Election Organizer Honorary Council as an institution formed to handle violations of the code of ethics of election organizers applies the principles of maintaining justice, independence, impartiality, and transparency in enforcing the rules or ethical norms that apply to all election organizers, as stipulated in Law Number 7 of 2017. The method used in this study uses a normative legal approach. The results of the study, First, the legal framework for handling violations of the code of ethics of election organizers in Indonesia is a mandate of Law Number 7 of 2017, in Article 1 number 24 which states that the Election Organizer Honorary Council is an institution tasked with handling violations of the code of ethics of Election Organizers. Second, The urgency of law enforcement for violations of the code of ethics of election organizers as an effort to present the integrity of election organizers is the main capital in realizing democratic elections, the presence of the Election Organizer Honorary Council as an institution that is given the authority to handle violations of the code of ethics of election organizers is important in order to realize election organizers with integrity. Third, the Election Organizer Honorary Council in the process of handling alleged violations of the code of ethics of election organizers can be carried out including by carrying out prevention, action, and innovation in various forms of activities carried out in the process of law enforcement against alleged violations of the code of ethics of election organizers. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18699 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18699 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 384-406 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18699/8871 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/18877 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

STRATEGI IMPLEMENTASI TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL LINGKUNGAN DALAM PERUSAHAAN: DAMPAK DAN TANTANGAN STRATEGI IMPLEMENTASI TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL LINGKUNGAN DALAM PERUSAHAAN: DAMPAK DAN TANTANGAN Nuriyatman, Eko Fitria, Fitria Naili Hidayah, Lili Fatimah, Siti Irawan, Agus Environmental Social Responsibility Strategy Impact Sustainable Development Tanggung Jawab Sosial Lingkungan Strategi Dampak Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Environmental Social Responsibility is regulated in Article 74 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies as part of Corporate Social Responsibility, which encourages companies to act ethically and contribute to improving the quality of life of the community. This study uses a normative legal method to analyze legal norms related to Environmental Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Responsibility and their application in practice. The problems discussed in this scientific article are related to the review of the implementation of environmental social responsibility by State-Owned Enterprises. The discussion includes strategies for implementing Environmental Social Responsibility which include analysis of community needs, stakeholder involvement, and allocation of sufficient resources. Evaluation of the impact of Environmental Social Responsibility is carried out through sustainability reports and the use of Key Performance Indicators, with support from international standards such as ISO 26000 and the Global Reporting Initiative. In conclusion, the effective implementation of Environmental Social Responsibility requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach, where companies must align Corporate Social Responsibility activities with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. Advice for companies is to increase transparency and accountability in reporting Environmental Social Responsibility and integrate feedback from the community for more relevant and impactful programs. Thus, it is hoped that Environmental Social Responsibility will not only provide benefits for the company, but also for the community and the environment in a sustainable manner. Environmental Social Responsibility is regulated in Article 74 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies as part of Corporate Social Responsibility, which encourages companies to act ethically and contribute to improving the quality of life of the community. This study uses a normative legal method to analyze legal norms related to Environmental Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Responsibility and their application in practice. The problems discussed in this scientific article are related to the review of the implementation of environmental social responsibility by State-Owned Enterprises. The discussion includes strategies for implementing Environmental Social Responsibility which include analysis of community needs, stakeholder involvement, and allocation of sufficient resources. Evaluation of the impact of Environmental Social Responsibility is carried out through sustainability reports and the use of Key Performance Indicators, with support from international standards such as ISO 26000 and the Global Reporting Initiative. In conclusion, the effective implementation of Environmental Social Responsibility requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach, where companies must align Corporate Social Responsibility activities with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. Advice for companies is to increase transparency and accountability in reporting Environmental Social Responsibility and integrate feedback from the community for more relevant and impactful programs. Thus, it is hoped that Environmental Social Responsibility will not only provide benefits for the company, but also for the community and the environment in a sustainable manner. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18877 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.18877 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 269-289 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/18877/8817 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19136 2026-01-23T04:24:35Z litigasi:ART

Online Prostitution in Banten: Critical Studies on Criminology and Criminal Law: Prostitusi Online di Banten: Kajian Kritis Kriminologi dan Hukum Pidana Online Prostitution in Banten: Critical Studies on Criminology and Criminal Law: Prostitusi Online di Banten: Kajian Kritis Kriminologi dan Hukum Pidana Fathurokhman, Ferry Fauzi, Ahmad online prostitution criminology Banten Prostitusi online kriminologi Banten This research is based on the hypothesis that online prostitution exists and is easily found in the Banten region. Two main issues are discussed in this study: first, what factors lead someone to become an online commercial sex worker in Banten? Second, how can criminal law address online commercial sex workers? This study combines empirical and normative research. Primary data collection was conducted through various dating applications. Primary data was obtained directly from online commercial sex workers spread across Banten through interviews conducted at restaurants, cafes, rented houses, and hotel lobbies. The research findings reveal that economic factors, divorce, religious understanding, and weak law enforcement contribute to the widespread occurrence of online sex worker transactions in Banten. Criminal law does not classify sex workers as offenders due to the role bias between perpetrator and victim. However, under Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code and several other laws, sex workers can be subject to criminal legal norms, although some of these cases fall under the category of complaint-based offenses. The research concludes that online sex workers in Banten are very easy to find. The government has a role and responsibility in addressing the rise of online prostitution in Banten. All respondents who chose the path of online prostitution through dating applications are individuals who adapt through innovation—desiring success, money, and other benefits but using unlawful means. A specific legal norm is needed to regulate online sex workers without requiring interpretation. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hipotesis bahwa prostitusi online eksis dan mudah ditemukan di wilayah Banten. Oleh karenanya dua masalah utama yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah pertama apa faktor-faktor yang membuat seseorang menjadi pekerja seks komersil online di Banten? Kedua, bagaimana hukum pidana dapat menjangkau pekerja seks komersil online? Permasalahan pertama dibahas dalam kerangka empirik berdasarkan penelitian lapangan, sementara permasalahan kedua dibahas dengan kerangka normatif. Penelitan ini merupakan gabungan dari penelitian empiris dan normatif. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui beragam aplikasi kencan. Data primer didapat langsung dari pekerja seks komersil online yang tersebar di wilayah Banten online melalui wawancara yang dilakukan di rumah makan, cafe, rumah kontrakan dan lobby hotel. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan faktor ekonomi, perceraian, pemahaman agama, dan lemahnya penegakan hukum menjadi faktor yang memicu maraknya transaksi PSK online di Banten. Hukum pidana tidak menjangkau PSK sebagai pelaku kejahatan karena bias peran antara pelaku dan korban, namun dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, dan beberapa undang-undang lainnya  dimungkinkan PSK untuk dapat dikenakan norma hukum pidana meski pun sebagiannya terkategorikan sebagai delik aduan. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan PSK online di Banten sangat mudah didapatkan. Pemerintah memiliki peran dan tanggungjawab atas maraknya PSK online di Banten. Kesemua responden yang memilih jalan prostitusi online via aplikasi kencan merupakan orang-orang yang beradaptasi dengan cara innovation, menginginkan kesuksesan, uang, dan hal lainnya tetapi dengan menggunakan cara yang tidak halal. Diperlukan norma yang khusus dapat menjangkau PSK online tanpa harus melakukan interpretasi. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19136 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19136 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 505-545 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19136/14286 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19149 2026-01-23T04:22:59Z litigasi:ART

Geographical Indications-Based Environmental Protection: Legal Challenges and Sustainable Development Goals Implementation in Indonesia: Perlindungan Lingkungan Berbasis Indikasi Geografis: Tantangan Hukum dan Implementasi Sustainable Development Goals di Indonesia Geographical Indications-Based Environmental Protection: Legal Challenges and Sustainable Development Goals Implementation in Indonesia: Perlindungan Lingkungan Berbasis Indikasi Geografis: Tantangan Hukum dan Implementasi Sustainable Development Goals di Indonesia Agustianto Disemadi, Hari Sutra Rusdiana, Shelvi Tan, Winsherly Geographical Indications Environmental Protection SDGs Indikasi Geografis Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup SDGs Geographical Indications play a crucial role as an intellectual property regime that protects unique products originating from specific regions, shaped by both human and natural factors. The presence of natural factors makes Geographical Indications a potential tool for strengthening local economies while simultaneously protecting the environment. This study aims to analyze the potential utilization of the Geographical Indications regime in Indonesia to support sustainable development, particularly in relation to environmental protection. Employing a normative legal research method supported by a statutory approach, this study examines the connection between Geographical Indications and environmental protection. The analysis reveals that despite the conceptual link between Geographical Indications and environmental sustainability, there is no normative legal support within the existing regulatory framework governing Geographical Indications. A normative construction model is proposed to facilitate the integration of environmental protection into the Geographical Indications regime, emphasizing aspects of planning, utilization, supervision, maintenance, control, and law enforcement. Indikasi Geografis berperan penting sebagai salah satu rezim kekayaan intelektual yang dapat melindungi produk unik daerah tertentu, dengan unsur unik dari faktor manusia dan faktor alam. Adanya faktor alam menjadikan Indikasi Geografis sebagai potensi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperkuat ekonomi lokal sekaligus melindungi lingkungan hidup. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi pemanfaatan rezim Indikasi Geografis di Indonesia dalam mendukung agenda pembangunan berkelanjutan, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan lingkungan hidup. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang didukung oleh pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menelaah keterkaitan antara Indikasi Geografis dan perlindungan lingkungan hidup. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara konseptual Indikasi Geografis dan lingkungan hidup berkaitan erat, tidak ada dukungan normatif dalam sumber hukum yang mengatur mengenai Indikasi Geografis. Model konstruksi normatif diusulkan untuk memungkinkan integrasi perlindungan lingkungan hidup ke dalam Indikasi Geografis, dengan penekanan terhadap aspek perencanaan, pemanfaatan, pengawasan, pemeliharaan, pengendalian, dan penegakan hukum. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19149 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19149 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 448-476 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19149/13980 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19168 2026-01-19T15:23:42Z litigasi:ART

Duress Prevention in Juvenile Criminal Proceedings: Comparative Analysis of The United Kingdom and Indonesia Tantimin Situmeang, Ampuan Febriyani, Emiliya Criminal Proceeding Duress Juvenile Justice System The juvenile justice system is intrinsically related to youth development, as it is responsible for the education and rehabilitation of children who have committed or are suspected of committing a crime. Juvenile crimes must go through criminal proceedings before being tried in court. However, discussions on preventing duress during these proceedings in Indonesia remain limited. This research aims to analyze efforts to prevent duress during juvenile criminal proceedings in Indonesia, highlighting potential gaps and comparing them to the United Kingdom's juvenile justice system. Utilizing the normative research method with the support of the comparative approach, this study examines existing Indonesian laws and their implementation while juxtaposing them with the UK’s juvenile justice framework. The analysis reveals significant opportunities for duress to occur within Indonesia’s juvenile justice system, contrasting with the UK’s system, which has a more structured set of legal norms. Based on these findings, this research proposes a model for legal development, focusing on closing procedural gaps that allow duress to occur during juvenile criminal proceedings in Indonesia. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19168 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19168 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 1-25 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19168/12042 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19193 2026-01-23T04:21:41Z litigasi:ART

Legal Tradition and Digital Innovation: Assessing the Position of e-Notary Products in Civil Disputes: Tradisi Hukum dan Inovasi Digital: Menakar Posisi Produk E- Notary pada Sengketa Perdata Legal Tradition and Digital Innovation: Assessing the Position of e-Notary Products in Civil Disputes: Tradisi Hukum dan Inovasi Digital: Menakar Posisi Produk E- Notary pada Sengketa Perdata Suryahartati, Dwi Windarto Lestari e-Notary digital transformation legal tradition evidentiary power e-Notary transformasi digital tradisi hukum pembuktian Changes in the development of digital technology have an impact on every aspect of life, including law. In Indonesia, the demand for electronic notaries has emerged as a form of innovation that promises efficiency. However, various concerns and challenges have emerged. This article discusses the issues faced by law and society as users of notary services. This article also discusses the philosophical and ethical aspects of law regarding the paradigm shift. Legal issues will be answered through an analysis of existing regulations and the legal theories that underlie them, as well as considering community responses. This article concludes that there has been a shift in the notary world that affects the way notaries work and the way society interacts with the law. Regulatory adjustments are needed that are able to adapt to accommodate electronic signatures, digital authenticity, and digital data management to realize effective electronic notaries and consider legal values ​​and ethics. Professional ethics in realizing integrity, transparency, and responsibility must be maintained and translated into a digital context. To achieve legal comparability in electronic notaries, it is important to consider the balance between service accessibility and strict levels of supervision and control. Perkembangan teknologi digital berimplikasi pada Jabatan Notaris. Untuk beradaptasi dengan zaman, notaris elektronik menjadi inovasi dalampelayanan hukum yang bertujuan meningkatkan efisiensi dan aksesibilitas. Namun, penerapannya menjadi tantangan bagi tradisi hukum notariat yang berbasis pada prinsip konvensional. Khususnya pada aspek keabsahan dalam penyelesaian sengketa. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mengkritisi konvergensi prinsip hukum Notaris Konvensional dengan Inovasi teknologi, sehingga mampu menentukan posisi hukum produk E-Notary dalam sistem Hukum Positif Indonesia. Dan mengkaji bagaimana kekuatan pembuktian dan perlindungan hukum pada penyelesaian sengketa yang melibatkan e-Notary. Problem hukum tersebut  akan dibahas secara yuridis normatif hingga etik, antara legal tradition dan technological disruption dengan menggunakan teori otentisitas akta, Legal system dan perlindungan hukum.  Melalui pendekatan  konseptual, perundang-undangan dan studi kasus terhadap beberapa putusan pengadilan.  Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa produk e-Notary hanya dapat dianggap sah jika memenuhi prinsip hukum acara perddatadan tunduk pada Lex Spesialis. Posisi hukum E-Notary adala conditioal validity, akibatnya produk e-Notary belum dapat otomatis memiliki kekuatan pembuktian sebagai akta otentik. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19193 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19193 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 409-447 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19193/13595 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19243 2026-01-23T04:16:09Z litigasi:ART

Criminalizing Greenwashing: Addressing Consumer Protection Challenges in the Era of Sustainability: Mengkriminalisasi Greenwashing: Menjawab Tantangan Perlindungan Konsumen di Era Keberlanjutan Criminalizing Greenwashing: Addressing Consumer Protection Challenges in the Era of Sustainability: Mengkriminalisasi Greenwashing: Menjawab Tantangan Perlindungan Konsumen di Era Keberlanjutan Zentoni Santoso, Budi Tobing, David M. L. Greenwashing Criminal Law Sustainability Consumer Protection Legal Reform Greenwashing Hukum Pidana Keberlanjutan Perlindungan Konsumen Reformasi Hukum Greenwashing is a phenomenon where companies claim their products or policies are environmentally friendly when, in reality, they are not. This phenomenon has grown alongside increasing public awareness of the importance of environmental sustainability. Greenwashing not only harms consumers who are misled by these false claims but also poses a threat to the environment by obscuring corporate responsibility toward sustainability. In the context of criminal law, greenwashing can be categorized as a serious form of environmental fraud; however, many countries still lack clear regulations to address it. As sustainability becomes a central focus across various sectors, the need for stricter regulation and legal enforcement against unethical practices like greenwashing is crucial. This research uses a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that Indonesia's criminal law is insufficient in addressing greenwashing, which harms both consumers and the environment. Comprehensive legal reform is necessary. Indonesia currently lacks specific regulations that criminalize greenwashing, making it essential to revise laws such as the Criminal Code, the Consumer Protection Law, or Environmental Law. These reforms should include clear definitions, transparent evidence standards, and strict sanctions, including criminal penalties for companies found guilty. Several countries, such as France, Germany, Canada, and Australia, have taken proactive steps by tightening regulations and law enforcement. Indonesia can learn from these countries to develop a more responsive legal system. Adopting international standards and harmonizing regulations across countries is also important to address global challenges that allow multinational companies to evade responsibility.... Greenwashing adalah fenomena di mana perusahaan mengklaim bahwa produk atau kebijakan mereka ramah lingkungan, padahal kenyataannya tidak demikian. Fenomena ini berkembang seiring dengan meningkatnya kesadaran publik akan pentingnya keberlanjutan lingkungan. Greenwashing tidak hanya merugikan konsumen yang tertipu oleh klaim palsu tersebut, tetapi juga mengancam lingkungan dengan mengaburkan tanggung jawab perusahaan terhadap keberlanjutan. Dalam konteks hukum pidana, greenwashing dapat dikategorikan sebagai bentuk penipuan lingkungan yang serius. Namun, banyak negara masih belum memiliki regulasi yang jelas untuk mengatasinya. Seiring dengan semakin sentralnya isu keberlanjutan di berbagai sektor, kebutuhan akan regulasi yang lebih ketat dan penegakan hukum terhadap praktik tidak etis seperti greenwashing menjadi sangat penting. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa hukum pidana di Indonesia masih belum memadai dalam menangani greenwashing, yang berdampak buruk bagi konsumen maupun lingkungan. Diperlukan reformasi hukum yang komprehensif. Saat ini, Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi spesifik yang mengkriminalisasi greenwashing, sehingga revisi terhadap peraturan seperti Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, atau Undang-Undang Lingkungan Hidup menjadi hal yang mendesak. Reformasi ini harus mencakup definisi yang jelas, standar pembuktian yang transparan, serta sanksi yang tegas, termasuk hukuman pidana bagi perusahaan yang terbukti bersalah. Beberapa negara, seperti Prancis, Jerman, Kanada, dan Australia, telah mengambil langkah proaktif dengan memperketat regulasi dan penegakan hukum. Indonesia dapat belajar dari negara-negara tersebut untuk mengembangkan sistem hukum yang lebih responsif. Selain itu, adopsi standar internasional dan harmonisasi regulasi antarnegara juga penting untuk menghadapi tantangan global yang memungkinkan perusahaan multinasional menghindari tanggung jawab.... Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19243 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19243 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 102-137 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19243/12052 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19270 2026-01-19T15:23:42Z litigasi:ART

Legal Reformulation of Banking Consumer Protection: Building A Justice-Oriented Regulatory System Legal Reformulation of Banking Consumer Protection: Building A Justice-Oriented Regulatory System Adhan S, Sepriyadi Yuniati, Ati Nurfani, Anggun Consumer Protection Regulatory Reformulation Legal Certainty Social Protection System The contractual relationship between banks and customers in credit agreements often places customers in a weak position, as agreements are typically drafted unilaterally by banks and emphasize obligations over rights, creating potential harm. This article aims to reformulate banking customer protection regulations to improve legal certainty and effectiveness. Using a normative legal method with an empirical approach, the research examines the suitability, gaps, and inconsistencies in existing regulations in achieving fair protection. The findings show that consumer protection aligns with Article 28D(1) of the 1945 Constitution, which guarantees the right to legal protection and security. However, current banking regulations lack specific provisions and enforcement mechanisms, resulting in weak protection. Disputes are often resolved through administrative or criminal sanctions that do not ensure fair outcomes. Reform is needed to integrate social protection principles and bridge the gap between legal norms and social realities, ensuring that future regulations promote not only financial efficiency but also fairness and equality in customer relations. The contractual relationship between banks and customers in credit agreements often places customers in a weak position, as agreements are typically drafted unilaterally by banks and emphasize obligations over rights, creating potential harm. This article aims to reformulate banking customer protection regulations to improve legal certainty and effectiveness. Using a normative legal method with an empirical approach, the research examines the suitability, gaps, and inconsistencies in existing regulations in achieving fair protection. The findings show that consumer protection aligns with Article 28D(1) of the 1945 Constitution, which guarantees the right to legal protection and security. However, current banking regulations lack specific provisions and enforcement mechanisms, resulting in weak protection. Disputes are often resolved through administrative or criminal sanctions that do not ensure fair outcomes. Reform is needed to integrate social protection principles and bridge the gap between legal norms and social realities, ensuring that future regulations promote not only financial efficiency but also fairness and equality in customer relations. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19270 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19270 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 546-564 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19270/14795 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19306 2024-10-31T20:33:52Z litigasi:ART

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19327 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

PEMBATASAN MASA JABATAN KETUA UMUM PARTAI POLITIK: TINJAUAN NEGARA HUKUM DAN DEMOKRASI PEMBATASAN MASA JABATAN KETUA UMUM PARTAI POLITIK: TINJAUAN NEGARA HUKUM DAN DEMOKRASI Ghafur, Jamaludin Term Limits Chairmen of Political Parties Rule of Law Democracy This paper aims to identify the implications of not regulating the term limits of political party chairmen on the principles of the rule of law and democracy and to find juridical and conceptual reasons for the government to regulate it. This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Some of the research findings show that the implications of the absence of rules limiting the term of office of political party chairmen have negative implications for the principles of the rule of law and democracy, namely that leadership turnover or regeneration does not take place regularly. As a result, the majority of leadership in political parties has an authoritarian character where the party as an organization is not managed based on rules, but is determined by the authority and personal subjectivity of the chairperson. Initially, the limitation on the term of office of party chairpersons was not included in the regulation to prevent the Government from interfering in the internal affairs of parties, which based on past experience - especially during the Old Order and New Order, excessive state intervention has led to violations of citizens' constitutional rights to associate and assemble. Currently, the threat to citizens' freedom of association and assembly comes from the internal power of political parties, particularly from party chairpersons. With enormous and almost unlimited authority, party chairmen can act arbitrarily. Therefore, it is time for the Government to strictly regulate the limitation of the term of office of party chairpersons to... This paper aims to identify the implications of not regulating the term limits of political party chairmen on the principles of the rule of law and democracy and to find juridical and conceptual reasons for the government to regulate it. This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Some of the research findings show that the implications of the absence of rules limiting the term of office of political party chairmen have negative implications for the principles of the rule of law and democracy, namely that leadership turnover or regeneration does not take place regularly. As a result, the majority of leadership in political parties has an authoritarian character where the party as an organization is not managed based on rules, but is determined by the authority and personal subjectivity of the chairperson. Initially, the limitation on the term of office of party chairpersons was not included in the regulation to prevent the Government from interfering in the internal affairs of parties, which based on past experience - especially during the Old Order and New Order, excessive state intervention has led to violations of citizens' constitutional rights to associate and assemble. Currently, the threat to citizens' freedom of association and assembly comes from the internal power of political parties, particularly from party chairpersons. With enormous and almost unlimited authority, party chairmen can act arbitrarily. Therefore, it is time for the Government to strictly regulate the limitation of the term of office of party chairpersons to... Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19327 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.19327 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 407-439 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19327/8881 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19382 2026-01-19T15:25:08Z litigasi:ART

HOW DO INDONESIAN LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHAPE THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF FORESTRY LICENSING? HOW DO INDONESIAN LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHAPE THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF FORESTRY LICENSING? Hartati Qurochman, Taufik Helmi Diar, Adithiya Legal Politics Licensing Forestry Legislation This research aims to analyze the evolution of forestry licensing regulations before and after the enactment of the Job Creation Law (CK Law). Utilizing a normative juridical approach, this study examines conceptual, statutory, and historical aspects of forestry law. The findings reveal that the politics surrounding forestry law significantly impact the balance between investment-driven economic interests and the preservation of sustainable forest cover. Prior regulatory issues in forest management remain unaddressed by the CK Law, which primarily emphasizes the exploitation of forest resources. This focus could exacerbate carbon emissions as forest utilization investments increase. While the changes introduced by the CK Law are designed to boost investment by simplifying licensing procedures, permitting multi-business activities, and facilitating foreign investment, they also present challenges for natural resource management. The revisions dilute commitments to forest conservation, reinforce disparities in forest product utilization between large corporations and local communities, and marginalize traditional forest-dependent populations. The novelty of this research lies in its critical examination of how legal reforms aimed at economic growth may unintentionally undermine long-term environmental sustainability and social equity. The urgency of this issue is highlighted by the potential long-term consequences of these legal changes on both environmental health and community welfare. This study contributes to the broader discourse on balancing economic development with environmental protection in Indonesia’s forestry sector. This research aims to analyze the evolution of forestry licensing regulations before and after the enactment of the Job Creation Law (CK Law). Utilizing a normative juridical approach, this study examines conceptual, statutory, and historical aspects of forestry law. The findings reveal that the politics surrounding forestry law significantly impact the balance between investment-driven economic interests and the preservation of sustainable forest cover. Prior regulatory issues in forest management remain unaddressed by the CK Law, which primarily emphasizes the exploitation of forest resources. This focus could exacerbate carbon emissions as forest utilization investments increase. While the changes introduced by the CK Law are designed to boost investment by simplifying licensing procedures, permitting multi-business activities, and facilitating foreign investment, they also present challenges for natural resource management. The revisions dilute commitments to forest conservation, reinforce disparities in forest product utilization between large corporations and local communities, and marginalize traditional forest-dependent populations. The novelty of this research lies in its critical examination of how legal reforms aimed at economic growth may unintentionally undermine long-term environmental sustainability and social equity. The urgency of this issue is highlighted by the potential long-term consequences of these legal changes on both environmental health and community welfare. This study contributes to the broader discourse on balancing economic development with environmental protection in Indonesia’s forestry sector. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2024-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19382 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2.19382 LITIGASI; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024); 359-383 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v25i2 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19382/8882 Copyright (c) 2024 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19470 2024-10-31T20:35:58Z litigasi:ART

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19478 2026-01-23T04:26:15Z litigasi:ART

The Sadd Al-Dzari’ah Approach in Preventing Child Marriage: A Case Study in Probolinggo Regency: Pendekatan Sadd Al-Dzari’ah Dalam Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Probolinggo The Sadd Al-Dzari’ah Approach in Preventing Child Marriage: A Case Study in Probolinggo Regency: Pendekatan Sadd Al-Dzari’ah Dalam Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Probolinggo Nugroho, Irzak Yuliardy Cholil, Mufidah Suwandi, Suwandi Rouf, Abd Child Marriage Islamic Law Sadd Al-Dzari’ah Perkawinan Anak Hukum Islam Sadd Al-Dzari’ah Child marriage remains a significant legal and social issue in Indonesia, particularly in Probolinggo, which has one of the highest child marriage rates in East Java. This phenomenon negatively affects children in terms of education, health, economy, and social well-being. This study analyzes child marriage prevention using the Sadd al-Dzari’ah approach, which aims to prevent actions leading to harm. Employing an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, data were gathered through interviews, observations, and legal document analysis. The findings reveal that preventing child marriage is not only permissible but also recommended in Islamic law. The Sadd al-Dzari’ah approach is applied through three key elements: al-ifda (the negative impacts of child marriage), al-wasilah (preventive measures such as education and legal enforcement), and al-mutawasal ilaih (the ultimate goal of protecting children’s rights and well-being based on Maqasid Shariah). The study also highlights challenges in implementation, such as legal loopholes in marriage dispensation, socio-cultural norms, and economic factors that continue to drive child marriages. Strengthening policies, increasing public awareness, and integrating Islamic jurisprudence with national law are essential in effectively reducing child marriage rates. Perkawinan anak tetap menjadi permasalahan hukum dan sosial yang signifikan di Indonesia, terutama di Kabupaten Probolinggo yang memiliki salah satu angka perkawinan anak tertinggi di Jawa Timur. Fenomena ini berdampak negatif terhadap anak dalam aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi, dan kesejahteraan sosial. Penelitian ini menganalisis pencegahan perkawinan anak dengan menggunakan pendekatan Sadd al-Dzari’ah, yang berfungsi sebagai mekanisme untuk mencegah tindakan yang berpotensi menimbulkan kemudaratan. Dengan metode yuridis empiris dan pendekatan kualitatif, data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencegahan perkawinan anak tidak hanya diperbolehkan dalam Islam tetapi juga dianjurkan. Pendekatan Sadd al-Dzari’ah diterapkan melalui tiga unsur utama: al-ifda (dampak negatif perkawinan anak), al-wasilah (langkah pencegahan seperti edukasi dan penegakan hukum), serta al-mutawasal ilaih (tujuan akhir untuk melindungi hak-hak anak dan kesejahteraan mereka sesuai dengan Maqasid Syariah). Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan dalam implementasi kebijakan, seperti celah hukum dalam dispensasi pernikahan, norma sosial yang masih mendukung perkawinan anak, serta faktor ekonomi yang menjadi pendorong utama. Oleh karena itu, penguatan kebijakan, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, serta harmonisasi hukum Islam dengan hukum nasional sangat diperlukan untuk menekan angka perkawinan anak secara efektif. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19478 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19478 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 67-101 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19478/12044 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19611 2026-01-23T04:17:40Z litigasi:ART

Comparative Study on the Choice of Regulatory Models for the Formulation of Corruption Crimes in the Anti-Corruption Laws of Indonesia and Malaysia: Studi Komparatif Pemilihan Bentuk Pengaturan Tentang Model Penyusunan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi Indonesia dan Malaysia Comparative Study on the Choice of Regulatory Models for the Formulation of Corruption Crimes in the Anti-Corruption Laws of Indonesia and Malaysia: Studi Komparatif Pemilihan Bentuk Pengaturan Tentang Model Penyusunan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi Indonesia dan Malaysia Ridwan Setiadi, Edi Yulia, Rena Heniarti, Dini Dewi Batubara, Gialdah Tapiansari Jaya, Belardo Prasetya Mega Corruption Legal Substance Comparative Korupsi Substansi Hukum Perbandingan Corruption in Indonesia has occurred at all levels of society as if corruption in Indonesia is never-ending to be discussed. Many law enforcers are involved in corruption, causing a community confidence crisis. Regardless, on the other hand, society is also apathetic and permissive towards criminal acts of corruption; society is also a contributor to corruption, especially in the implementation of the general and regional elections. It happens because of the perception that money politics is a natural thing in an imperfect democracy. This condition occurs because it is supported by the weak legal substance related to the crime of corruption. The weak legal substance is caused by legislative process errors, resulting in errors at the application and execution stages. So, it is necessary to examine the model of drafting laws related to the crime of corruption using normative juridical methods, namely analysing various laws related to the crime of corruption with a comparative approach by comparing the model of Indonesia's and Malaysia's anti-corruption laws drafting. The results showed that the drafting of corruption crimes in Indonesia is spread in several laws that can potentially cause disparities in justice. On the other hand, the drafting model of corruption crimes in Indonesia is carried out by separating the Criminal Code from the anti-corruption law, while in Malaysia, the drafting of the anti-corruption law is mutually reinforcing with the Penal Code. Korupsi di Indonesia telah berlangsung di semua lapisan masyarakat, sehingga seolah-olah korupsi di Indonesia tak pernah habis untuk dibahas. Penegak hukum banyak yang terlibat ke dalam korupsi sehingga hal tersebut menyebabkan krisis kepercayaan dari masyarakat, namun di sisi lain masyarakat juga apatis dan permisif terhadap tindak pidana korupsi yang terjadi, bahkan masyarakat juga  menjadi penyumbang korupsi terutama dalam pelaksanaan pemilu dan pilkada, hal ini terjadi dikarenakan adanya anggapan politik uang merupakan hal yang wajar dalam sebuah ketidaksempurnaan demokrasi. Kondisi tersebut terjadi karena ditunjang oleh lemahnya substansi hukum tindak pidana korupsi. Lemahnya substansi hukum diakibatkan oleh kesalahan dalam proses legislasi yang mengakibatkan kesalahan pada tahap aplikasi dan eksekusi, sehingga perlu ditelaah model penyusunan undang-undang terkait tindak pidana korupsi dengan memakai metode yuridis normatif yakni mempelajari berbagai undang-undang terkait tindak pidana korupsi dengan pendekatan perbandingan, yakni memperbandingkan model penyusunan undang-undang anti korupsi antara Indonesia dan Malaysia. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah menganalisis model penyusunan tentang perundang-undangan tindak pidana korupsi antara Indonesia dan Malaysia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyusunan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia tersebar di beberapa perundang-undangan yang berpotensi membuat disparitas keadilan di sisi lain model penyusunan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia dilakukan dengan saling melepas-pisahkan antara KUHP dengan undang-undang anti korupsi, sedangkan di Malaysia penyusunan undang-udang anti korupsinya saling menguatkan dengan Code Penal. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19611 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19611 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 228-259 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19611/12088 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19691 2026-01-23T04:20:49Z litigasi:ART

The Role of Local Wisdom in Realizing The Principle of Environmental Sustainability Principles in Indonesia: Peran Kearifan Lokal Dalam Mewujudkan Prinsip Keberlanjutan Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia The Role of Local Wisdom in Realizing The Principle of Environmental Sustainability Principles in Indonesia: Peran Kearifan Lokal Dalam Mewujudkan Prinsip Keberlanjutan Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia Nurhasan Bunyamin Local Wisdom Environmental Sustainability Marine Resource Management Environmental Policy Coastal Communities Kearifan Lokal Keberlanjutan Lingkungan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Laut Kebijakan Lingkungan Masyarakat Pesisir The Local Wisdom of coastal communities has high effectiveness in maintaining the sustainability of marine and coastal ecosystems. However, challenges such as lack of legal recognition, changes in people’s lifestyles, and economic pressures are factors that hinder the sustainability of traditional fishing practices. Therefore, a strategy is needed that harmonizes government regulations with local wisdom practices in order to create a more sustainable and inclusive marine environmental management model. Local wisdom possessed by coastal communities in the archipelago is an important instrument for realizing the principles of environmental sustainability. The role of local wisdom in realizing the principle of environmental sustainability is important, especially for strengthening aspects of legal culture within the framework of an integrated legal system. Local wisdom of coastal communities describes a system that integrates knowledge, norm, culture and institutions as well as practices for managing marine fisheries resources, in line with the principles of harmony, balance and sustaibility. Cultural approaches through the application of local wisdom forms of coastal communities in the archipelago are important in order to support the effectiveness of supervision and law enforcement efforts in marine areas through a preventive approach, and have the potential to be added as one of the elements of the principles of environmental sustainability. This study uses a normative legal approach and a qualitative legal data analysis method using relevan legal interpretation methods. The formulation of a conceptual model regarding the role of local wisdom in realizing the principles of environmental sustainability is the aim of this research. Kearifan lokal masyarakat pesisir memiliki efektivitas tinggi dalam menjaga kelestarian ekosistem laut dan pesisir. Namun, tantangan seperti kurangnya pengakuan hukum, perubahan gaya hidup masyarakat, serta tekanan ekonomi menjadi faktor yang menghambat kelangsungan praktik-praktik tradisional penangkapan ikan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi yang mengharmoniskan regulasi pemerintah dengan praktik kearifan lokal guna menciptakan model pengelolaan lingkungan laut yang lebih berkelanjutan dan inklusif. Kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat pesisir Nusantara merupakan instrumen penting untuk mewujudkan Prinsip Keberlanjutan Lingkungan Hidup. Peranan kearifan lokal dalam mewujudkan Prinsip Keberlanjutan Lingkungan Hidup penting khususnya untuk penguatan aspek budaya hukum dalam kerangka keterpaduan sistem hukum. Kearifan lokal masyarakat pesisir menggambarkan kesatuan sistem yang meliputi unsur pengetahuan, norma, budaya dan kelembagaan serta praktik yang sangat sejalan dengan prinsip harmoni, keseimbangan dan keberlanjutan. Pendekatan budaya melalui penerapan bentuk-bentuk kearifan lokal masyarakat pesisir Nusantara  menjadi penting dalam rangka mendukung efektivitas upaya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum di wilayah laut melalui pendekatan preventif, serta berpeluang ditambahkan menjadi salah satu unsur Prinsip Keberlanjutan Lingkungan Hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan metode analisis data yuridis kualitatif menggunakan metode penafsiran hukum yang relevan. Tersusunnya konsep model tentang Peranan Kearifan Lokal Dalam Mewujudkan Prinsip Keberlanjutan Lingkungan Hidup menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19691 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19691 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 382-408 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19691/13593 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/19783 2026-02-13T12:31:43Z litigasi:ART

Legal Consequences Of Incomplete Delivery of Information in Medical Checkups Where The Treadmill Test Was Not Conducted Due To Medical Reasons: Akibat Hukum Ketidaklengkapan Informasi Pada Medical Checkup Yang Treadmill Testnya Tidak Terlaksana Dengan Alasan Medis Legal Consequences Of Incomplete Delivery of Information in Medical Checkups Where The Treadmill Test Was Not Conducted Due To Medical Reasons: Akibat Hukum Ketidaklengkapan Informasi Pada Medical Checkup Yang Treadmill Testnya Tidak Terlaksana Dengan Alasan Medis Hafidz Nur Sumiyati, Yeti Titik Mufidi, Faiz Wagiono, Caecielia Medical checkup (MCU) Treadmill Test Informed Consent Akibat hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Consumer Protection Medical checkup (MCU) Treadmill Test Informed Consent Legal Consequences The Medical Checkup (MCU) service that includes a treadmill test facility is a routine health examination designed to identify potential cardiovascular diseases, implemented using the Bruce Protocol method as Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Hospital Practice Guidelines to conduct the treadmill test. The legal basis for this medical service outlined in Indonesian Ministry of Health Decree Number 772/Menkes/SK/VI/2002 and Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation Number 512/Menkes/PER/IV/2007. The treadmill test has risks and contraindications, which means that not all patients may be able to undergo the treadmill test procedure in the MCU package. This study will explore the legal implications of incomplete information during medical checkups in cases of MCU package services which treadmill test facilities cannot be carried out due to patient's medical condition. Consumer Protection Law Number 8 of 1999 and Article 1320 of the Civil Code will serve as the foundation for analyzing therapeutic contracts. The research method which used in this study is normative juridical approach which is supported by interveiw data. The Results of this study found that when a treadmill test cannot be performed due to patients' medical condition, the patient unable to undergo the procedure, , resulting in legal consequences in form of financial loss which may causes potential disputes if not handled properly. This incident cannot be considered as as breach of contract because the hospital has fulfilled its obligations by providing information and asking for approval through informed consent, so the hospital is not required to reimburse the patient. However, it is... Pelayanan Medical checkup (MCU) dengan fasilitas treadmill test adalah paket pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala untuk mendeteksi penyakit kardiovaskuler yang dilaksanakan dengan metode Bruce Protocol berdasarkan Standard Operating Procedures (SPO) dan Panduan Praktik Klinik Rumah Sakit (PPK RS) untuk melakukan pelayanan tersebut. Landasan hukum dari pelayanan ini adalah Kepmenkes Nomor 772/Menkes/SK/VI/2002 tentang Pedoman Peraturan Internal Rumah Sakit (Hospital bylaws) dan Permenkes Nomor 512/Menkes/PER/IV/2007 tentang Izin Praktik dan Pelaksanaan Praktik Kedokteran. Treadmill test memiliki risiko dan kontraindikasi sehingga pasien memiliki kemungkinan tidak dapat menjalankan treadmill test dalam paket MCU. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akibat hukum atas ketidaklengkapan dalam penyampaian informasi dalam kasus pelayanan paket MCU dengan fasilitas treadmill test yang tidak terlaksana dengan alasan kondisi medis pasien di RS Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah harapan Kita dari sudut pandang Undang - Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan juga Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata sebagai dasar dari kontrak terapeutik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif yang didukung oleh data dari wawancara. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa ketika treadmill test tidak dapat dilakukan karena kondisi medis pasien, pasien mengalami akibat hukum berupa kerugian, sehingga terdapat potensi sengketa medis jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Kejadian ini tidak dapat dianggap sebagai wanprestasi oleh pihak RS karena RS telah memenuhi kewajibannya dengan memberikan informasi dan meminta persetujuan melalui informed consent, sehingga RS tidak perlu untuk mengganti biaya terhadap pasien, namun perlu dilakukan pemberian informasi dan penjelasan lengkap kepada pasien baik dalam bentuk persetujuan umum (general consent) maupun informed consent. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-10-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19783 10.23969/litigasi.v26i2.19783 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025); 37-69 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i2 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/19783/18729 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/20375 2026-01-23T04:19:14Z litigasi:ART

Religious Community Organization as Corporation: Legal Politics at the Edge of the Mine: Ormas Keagamaan Jadi Korporasi: Politik Hukum di Ujung Tambang Religious Community Organization as Corporation: Legal Politics at the Edge of the Mine: Ormas Keagamaan Jadi Korporasi: Politik Hukum di Ujung Tambang Nugroho, Wahyu Syahruddin, Erwin Anam, Saiful Yulia, Aris Izin Usaha Pertambangan Politik Hukum Ormas Keagamaan Lingkungan Hidup Mining Business License Legal Politics Religious Community Organization Environment The government issued a Government Regulation on the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities, which regulates the offering of Special Mining Business Permit Areas on a priority basis to business entities owned by religious community organizations. The method used is normative juridical supported by empirical data, a case approach based on developing news media. Data collection techniques through secondary data, with qualitative juridical analysis. The results of this study are first, the legal policy of granting mining business permits to religious community organizations based on the Government Regulation on the Implementation of Mining Business Activities has contradicted the Mineral and Coal Mining Law. The priority offer in the law is addressed to BUMN and BUMD, while in the government regulation it is addressed to religious community organizations, which is a constitutional problem; second, the existence of guarantees in environmental management for religious community organizations as holders of mining business permits requires compliance with these business entities with environmental management instruments. In addition, it will test the consistency of religious organizations' understanding of the concept of environmental preservation in practice or business actors carrying out mining activities. Pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara, yang mengatur terkait penawaran Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus secara prioritas kepada badan usaha yang dimiliki oleh organisasi kemasyarakatan keagamaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan didukung data empiris, pendekatan kasus berdasarkan media pemberitaan yang berkembang. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui data sekunder, dengan analisis yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pertama, politik hukum pemberian izin usaha pertambangan kepada badan usaha ormas keagamaan berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan telah bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Penawaran prioritas dalam undang-undang ditujukan kepada BUMN dan BUMD, sedangkan dalam peraturan pemerintah ditujukan kepada badan usaha ormas keagamaan menjadi permasalahan konstitusional; kedua, adanya jaminan dalam pengelolaan lingkungan hidup bagi badan usaha ormas keagamaan sebagai pemegang izin usaha pertambangan menuntut kepatuhan badan usaha tersebut terhadap instrumen pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Selain itu, akan menguji konsistensi pemahaman organisasi keagamaan terkait konsep pelestarian lingkungan hidup dalam praktik atau pelaku usaha yang menjalankan kegiatan pertambangan.  Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/20375 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.20375 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 307-343 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/20375/13337 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/20446 2026-01-19T15:23:42Z litigasi:ART

Investigation of Water Resources-Related Legal Violations Following Constitutional Court Decision Number 85/PUU-XI/2013 Martini Absi, Warmiyana Zaira Constitutional Court Decision Number 85/PUU-X1/2013 Violation of Law Water Resources This study was conducted to analyze legal violations related to water resources after the Constitutional Court's decision to annul Law No. 7 of 2004 concerning Water Resources. The decision caused confusion regarding the legal position of Civil Servant Investigators for Water Resources (PPNS SDA) in enforcing the law related to air resource management. The purpose of this study is to explore the legal status of PPNS SDA after regulatory changes and to assess the challenges faced in investigating legal violations in the air resource sector. The research method used in the analysis is qualitative, which includes literature studies from various legal sources, scientific articles, and interviews with relevant stakeholders in water resource management and protection. The results of the study indicate that despite the existence of laws and regulations, PPNS SDA are still legally recognized and have certain authorities in examining and investigating alleged violations of the law related to water resources. This study also identified several cases of investigations carried out by PPNS SDA, as well as coordination with other law enforcement officers. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that PPNS SDA still have legal standing in conducting investigations related to water resources despite regulatory changes. The investigation procedures followed by PPNS SDA are in accordance with the established methodology, but still require ongoing collaboration with other agencies, such as the police and prosecutors. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/20446 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.20446 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 290-306 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 eng https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/20446/12825 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.journal.unpas.ac.id:article/21484 2026-01-23T04:23:40Z litigasi:ART

Analysis of Legal Confiscation of Corruption Assets from the Perspective of Justice and State Financial Recovery: Analisis Hukum Penyitaan Aset Korupsi dalam Perspektif Keadilan dan Pemulihan Keuangan Negara Analysis of Legal Confiscation of Corruption Assets from the Perspective of Justice and State Financial Recovery: Analisis Hukum Penyitaan Aset Korupsi dalam Perspektif Keadilan dan Pemulihan Keuangan Negara Wedha, Yogi Yasa Wijaya, Made Hendra Apriliani, Kadek asset confiscation substantive justice corruption crime penyitaan aset keadilan substantif tindak pidana korupsi Asset confiscation as an effort to recover state financial losses due to corruption crimes in Indonesia still faces substantial challenges. The legal framework stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code limits confiscation only for evidentiary purposes in the judicial process, these restrictions impact the non-optimal recovery of state financial losses. This research aims to analyze the regulatory and technical substance obstacles in the implementation of asset confiscation and develop a progressive legal strategy based on the theory of justice. This research is normative juridical research that integrates John Rawls' theory of justice, Richard A. Posner's Economic Analysis of Law Theory, and Lawrence Friedman's legal system theory and the theory of legal expediency as an analytical knife as a consideration to provide recommendations for reform of special confiscation arrangements for corruption crimes. The results show that the gap between the Criminal Procedure Code and the Corruption Eradication Law worsens the effectiveness of asset confiscation, especially at the investigation stage. The expansion of objects that can be seized and the Non-conviction based (NCB) asset forfeiture approach are identified as potential solutions that are more efficient and fair in overcoming this obstacle. The proposed strategy includes expanding the scope of confiscation and harmonizing regulations between KUHAP and the Law on the Eradication of Corruption. This research confirms the importance of legal reform to improve the efficiency of recovering state losses due to corruption while strengthening a fair and beneficial legal system. The strategy of expanding asset confiscation arrangements has urgency in efforts to recover.... Penyitaan aset memiliki urgenitas dan merupakan bagian terpenting dalam mengupayakan pemulihan kerugian keuangan negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia, namun demikian upaya tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai problematika substansial. Salah satu problemnya adalah kerangka hukum dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) telah membatasi penyitaan, hanya untuk kepentingan pembuktian dalam proses peradilan. Adanya pembatasan tersebut berdampak pada tidak optimalnya pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hambatan substansi pengaturan dan teknis dalam pelaksanaan penyitaan aset. Merupakan penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan mengintegrasikan teori keadilan, Teori Economic Analysis of Law dan Teori sistem hukum sebagai pisau analisis untuk memberikan rekomendasi reformasi pengaturan penyitaan khusus tindak pidana korupsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya kesenjangan antara KUHAP dan Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (UU PTPK) memperburuk efektivitas penyitaan aset, terutama pada tahap penyidikan. Perluasan objek yang dapat disita dan pendekatan Non-Conviction Based (NCB) asset forfeiture diidentifikasi sebagai solusi potensial yang lebih efisien dan adil untuk mengatasi permasalahan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlu dilakukan reformulasi penyitaan dengan memperluas cakupan penyitaan dan juga melakukan harmonisasi undang-undang dalam KUHAP dengan UU PTPK. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya reformasi hukum untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemulihan kerugian negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi sekaligus memperkuat sistem hukum yang adil dan berkemanfaatan. Strategi perluasan pengaturan penyitaan aset memiliki urgenitas dalam upayamemulihkan kerugian keuangan negara, selaras dengan Teori keadilan, Teori Economic Analysis of Law dan Teori sistem hukum. Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-Reviewed Article application/pdf https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/21484 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.21484 LITIGASI; Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025); 477-504 2442-2274 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1 ind https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/21484/14043 Copyright (c) 2025 LITIGASI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 0267a41459dc56369dfea24b953933b4