Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management

Greenhouse Gasses Inventory on Textile Finishing Industry PT X

Ryan Phillip Efendy — 2024-02-18

The textile industry has the biggest impact on environmental pollution in the world, and is responsible for 10% of global carbon production. Most of the waste in the textile industry, is generated from the dyeing process and textile processing. PT X is a textile finishing industry, that focuses on finishing processes like dyeing and textile processing. In this research, GHG (greenhouse gasses) emission inventory was carried out to see how much GHG generated in the textile finishing industry. The inventory will focus on CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O from generator, curing machine, operational vehicle, and electricity usage. The inventory methodology was based on IPCC 2006, that stated to determine GHG emission, an activity data and emission factor from that source is needed. This emission inventory results on the total emissions of 666.38 tonCO_2eq or 258.629 kgCO_2eq/ton_product GHG emission from PT X in 2021. The GHG emission in PT X are dominated by CO₂ gas. Which most of comes from electricity usage source. GHG emission produce by PT X are not high compared with similar industries, but can be improved further more with mitigation measures such as installing a solar panel, and constructed wetland.

Community Participation through Environmental Investment to Develop Ecotourism in Bedengan Forest Ecotourism, Malang Regency

Fitri Candra — 2024-02-18

Bedengan Forest Ecotourism, Malang Regency is one of sustainable tourism destinations, a tourism area that is environmentally friendly and based on ecology which is managed by Lembaga Kemitraan Desa Pengelola Hutan/Forest Management Village Partnership Institute (LKDPH). This research discusses about community especially tourist motivation to participate through environmental investments that have an impact on preserving the forest environment in Bedengan. The objectives of this research are to find out the priority tourist attributes of Bedengan Forest Ecotourism and estimating the value of the community's Willingness to Pay (WTP) for retribution. The analytical methods used quantitative descriptive and contingent valuation method. The research results show that the community feels that the quality of the environment is better with the existence of a conservation area so they are willing to make environmental investments; the community prioritize cheaper price as a tourist attribute that attracts them to revisit Bedengan forest ecotourism; and the community's WTP retribution (entrance ticket) is IDR 44,500 per person. The results of calculation show that the community WTP has increased from the initial retribution set by LKDPH. The results of this research can be used as an evaluation material for LKDPH to continue maintain tourism development policies by paying attention to environmental, social and economic sustainability.

Non-Financial Feasibility Analysis on The Utilization of Cattle Livestock Waste as a Biogas

Andi Sitti Halima — 2024-02-18

This research aims to analyze the non-financial feasibility of using livestock waste as raw material for biogas. Qualitative data was obtained to provide an overview of the cattle farming business, the implementation of waste processing with a biogas installation, where the final result is biogas which can be utilized by livestock breeder groups and the community around the installation. The feasibility of this activity is determined using the differential semantic scale formula. The results of the non-financial feasibility analysis show that the business of using livestock waste as raw material for biogas is feasible to develop in terms of market aspects, technical aspects, management aspects, as well as social and environmental aspects. The two biogas installations granted by the regional government were able to help the community save energy.

Identifying the Impact of Shoreline Change on Land Use in Bedono Village with Google Earth

Rakyan Paksi Nagara — 2024-02-18

Sloping coastal areas pose a threat to environmental degradation. Previous data and research show that the north coast of Java Island is a sensitive area to abrasion that was exacerbated by sea level rise and land subsidence, one of which occurs in Bedono Village, Demak Regency. Bedono Village is the village that has lost the most land. Based on the latest administrative boundary data, Bedono Village has been divided into three pockets surrounded by sea areas. This study aims to determine the spatial-temporal impacts of shoreline changes on land use in Bedono Village using Google Earth data. In the last two decades, there has been a significant change in the coastline and its impact on land use change. Residential areas continue to decrease in size, reaching 16.38 ha. Ponds, as the most dominating area in 2003, also continued to decrease in area by 127.27 ha or 100% of the initial area. The loss of this land use was replaced by the inundation of sea water that continued encroaching into the land area. A total of 197 residential building units were lost, or an average of 788 people were affected. This study concluded the severe facts and impacts of shoreline change that must be addressed to reduce potential losses.

Current Update Waste to Energy in Developing Country; A Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Ramdiana Muis — 2024-02-18

The concept of processing waste into energy has developed in the last few decades, especially in developing countries. This paper reviews a bibliometric overview of the waste-to-energy literature and related analyzes in developing countries in the last 10 years. The research method used is quantitative with bibliometric analysis on the Scopus database. Based on this method, the number of articles analyzed was 1,880 articles in the form of journals, conference papers, and scientific reviews. There are four stages of analysis, namely determining the source title, keywords, country, and selection literature. Data analysis using a bibliometric approach found 116 articles related to Waste-to-Energy Incineration in developing countries. This study uses VOSviewer software version 1.6.19 for data complexity. The results of this study indicate that the Waste to Energy was divided into five clusters with 56 keywords. The most powerful topics related to this Waste-to-Energy are Municipal Solid Waste and Technology. Research on related waste into energy has increased in developing countries since 2004. This study found keywords such as biofuel and electricity, indicating the current trends in Waste to Energy research in the visualization of research trend mapping.

Good Environmental Governance Roles in Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Indonesia: A Review

Reza Darma Al Fariz — 2024-02-18

Indonesia is an archipelagic country consisting of more than 17,500 islands. Urbanization and community agglomeration in urban areas in Indonesia are increasing the complexity of solid waste management in Indonesia. The old paradigm of 'collect-transport-disposal' waste management still occurs frequently in cities in Indonesia. This research is designed to be a systematic qualitative review. The relationships between good environmental governance and sustainable solid waste management are synthesized from a perspective of current conditions in Indonesia. The solution to sustainable waste management is generally carried out through well-organized waste management in an integrated manner from upstream to downstream with a 'cradle-to-grave' mindset, including the impacts that may arise therein. Implementing sustainable solid waste management requires commitment and support from all aspects of stakeholders. Good environmental governance is a comprehensive, dynamic, and complex concept that attempts to improve environmental conditions while promoting sustainable solid waste management. The results show that good environmental governance is very influential for sustainable solid waste management, but it still needs to be implemented optimally in Indonesia. Integration and synchronization of policies between the central government and local government must be further improved to implement good environmental governance.

Effectiveness of Using Chicken Eggshells as a Biocoagulant in Groundwater Treatment

Hanief Rifqyawarman — 2024-02-27

The groundwater in Kota Bambu Selatan, West Jakarta, has high levels of turbidity and TDS. Therefore, it is necessary to be treated in order to comply with the regulations outlined in the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2023 concerning Environmental Health standards. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness chicken eggshells as a biocoagulant for treating this groundwater. The techniques employed encompassed coagulation and flocculation, involving different coagulation G.td values (17,000, 34,000, 48,000, and 96,000) and a range of biocoagulant doses (100-500 mg/L). The outcomes of the treatment revealed that the utilization of chicken eggshells as a biocoagulant led to the removal of 47.14% of TDS and 97.17% of turbidity. The cost associated with implementing chicken eggshells as a biocoagulant amounted to IDR 230.70 per liter. In light of these findings, it can be deduced that chicken eggshells serve as an effective biocoagulant for reducing TDS and turbidity in the groundwater treatment.

Waste Generation and Composition in Karawang Regency

Nurcholis Salman — 2024-03-03

Sources of waste in Karawang Regency come from various activities of residents who are concentrated in locations such as residential, commercial, social facilities and public facilities. Each source of waste has characteristics for the generation, composition and characteristics of the resulting waste. In general, the source of waste is divided into household (domestic) and non-household (non-domestic). It is known that the generation of waste for the domestic sector of households is 2.93 L/person/day or 0.42 Kg/person/ day. But when viewed from the economic level, high income housing has the highest generation of 3.27 L/person/day. This is because differences in economic level and lifestyle affect the consumption level of the residents of the House. The higher the level of community life, the greater the waste generation. Based on the calculation results, it is known that the value of waste generation of each facility is different. This is because each facility has different activities. Shops have the highest generation of 3.78 L/person/day, followed by markets and roads as much as 1.55 L/m²/day and 1.12 L/ m²/day. This indicates that the activity of the store produces more waste than the market and the street. When reviewing the waste generation of Karawang Regency, the generation is greater than the domestic sector alone. The result of one area of Karawang Regency showed the waste generation is 0.56 Kg/person/day or 4.06 L/person/day.

The Effect of Air Flow and Stirring Frequency in Continuous Thermophilic Composting

Anni Rochaeni — 2024-03-16

Continuous Thermophilic Composting (CTC) was developed as a modification of continuous composting carried out in the thermophilic phase, where the organic waste degradation process runs quickly. Previous CTC research used lamps as a heat source, which was then changed to use a heater. Several important factors in composting are stirring and air circulation to increase oxygen levels so that the aerobic composting process occurs. The machine has been modified by making air holes and setting automatic stirring. This research aims to determine the air hole openings and stirring frequency that provide the best results. The research was carried out in 2 stages. The first stage is to look for air hole openings with 3 variations: closed, half open, and fully open. Continue by finding the best stirring frequency with 3 variations: once a day, 2 times a day, and 6 times a day. The parameters measured include temperature measured humidity and pH during the composting process, and chemical analysis of fresh waste, compost starter, and mature compost resulting from the process. The research was carried out for 8 days with the addition of 1 kg of artificial waste per day. The results showed that half-open air holes produced better compost quality and temperature consistency in the thermophilic phase. And the stirring frequency of 2 times a day produces consistent temperature results in the thermophilic phase and compost quality that meets SNI 19-7030-2004 of Compost Specifications from Domestic Organic Waste.

Application of Moringa Seeds Coagulant to Treat Wastewater from Chicken Slaughterhouse Industry

Azhira Syntha Nabila — 2024-03-16

Liquid waste generated by the chicken slaughterhouse industry results in an increased concentration of organic matter decomposes in the environment. High organic matter content can be achieved by the coagulation-flocculation method. This study aims to determine the removal efficiency of turbidity, BOD, COD, and TSS in the reactor. A dose of 250 mL with a coagulation speed of 100 rpm 1 minute and a flocculation speed of 25 rpm 10 minutes with a variation of settling time of 1.5 hours, 2 hours, and 2.5 hours of moringa seeds were investigated to find reduction levels of turbidity, BOD, COD, and TSS. This study showed that moringa seed coagulants were able to reduce the BOD concentration by 87.74% with an initial level of 662 mg/L to 101.01 mg/L in 2.5 hours, a COD concentration of 61.43% with an initial level of 2240 mg/L to 864 mg/L at 2.5 hours, the TSS concentration was 77.78% with an initial level of 360 mg/L to 80 mg/L at 2.5 hours while the turbidity value was 87.73% with an initial level of 441 NTU to 54.1 NTU. Moringa seeds could be effectively used to reduce the parameters of turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD.

Visual Observation to Detect Macroplastic Object in River: A Review of Current Knowledge

Nani Anggraini — 2024-03-16

Currently, the world is facing the problem of plastic pollution in water bodies. Plastic waste has become an abundant pollutant in the marine, coastal and river environments, making it a major threat to aquatic life. Visual Observation in plastic monitoring is a popular method used to measure quantity, composition, and distribution, identify emerging trends, and design preventive measures or mitigation strategies. This study attempts to review recent studies regarding visual observation for detecting macroplastic objects in terms of current research trends and methodologies and suggests promising future research directions. This study used a systematic method with a bibliometric approach and qualitative content analysis to identify and review 108 articles on detecting litter objects in the water. The study results show that automatic object detection is starting to become a trend in visual Observation by relying on artificial intelligence (AI) with UAV devices and cameras that are processed using Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods which provide promising accuracy results.

Performance of Rapid Sand Filter Dual Media for Microplastic Removal in the Water: The Effect of Microplastic Size and Effective Size of Filter Media

Marita Wulandari — 2024-03-16

Microplastics (MPs) significantly damage the environment and human health, leading to a growing global concern. MPs have been detected not only in the natural environment but also in the drinking water treatment process. One of the configurations of the drinking water treatment unit is filtration. Only a few research studies have been published on microplastic removal in the water system. This study was conducted to determine the performance of a rapid sand filter (RSF) in removing microplastics in water with a variation in the effective size (ES) of silica sand and microplastic size. In this study, microplastics are artificially made with size variations of < 400 μm and >400 μm. The filtering uses two variations in the adequate size (ES) of silica sand, namely 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm. At the same time, anthracite is only a control variable with ES = 0.69 with a flow speed of 4 m / h and an observation time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results show that the filter media ES 0.4 has the highest efficiency values of 91.30% for the microplastic size MPs <400 µm and 95.80 % for the larger microplastic >400 µm. In addition, the average percentage removal of ES 0.7 mm was 77.24 % for the size of MPs <400 µm and 95.77% for the size of Mps >400 µm. Gaining insight into the mechanisms involved in removing microplastics from drinking water is essential for developing more effective techniques for eliminating them.

Analyzing Spatial Groundwater Salinity Using Multivariate Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Models

Kristin Ina Binna — 2024-03-16

The increase in the amount of groundwater withdrawal will inevitably pose a threat of seawater intrusion. The purpose of this research was to identify the distribution of shallow groundwater salinity in North Jakarta, West Jakarta and Central Jakarta and to develop a regional model of shallow groundwater salinity distribution. The data used in this study was that of the groundwater quality monitoring, obtained from the Regional Environment Status Book (SLHD), published by The Environment office of Greater Jakarta released in 2022, involving a total of 121 sample points in North Jakarta, West Jakarta, and Central Jakarta. The primary data was taken at 6 (six) sampling locations for model validation purposes. The study began with data grouping, using the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) method. The results of identifying the highest distribution of salinity are in cluster 3 (three). A model was subsequently developed, after removing the outliers, with multiple linear analysis methods using the variable the distance from the coastline (X₁), well depth (X₂) and hardness (X₃), to determine the influence of EC, TDS and salinity distribution in shallow groundwater. The results obtained are as follows; EC Models: Y_EC3 = -1.879+ (1.19.X₁) + (5.08.X₃). TDS models: Y_TDS3 = -2.211.30 + (0.81.X₁) + (101.41.X₂) + (4.07.X₃). Salinity models: Y_salinity3 = -0.07+ (6.75×10^-5.X₁) + (2.4×10^-4.X₃). Model verification results for R²_EC3 = 0.70; R²_TDS3 = 0.92; R²salinity₃ = 0.88. Validation results produce 21.14% for EC, 8.21% for TDS, and 22.87% for Salinity. This needs further research by increasing the number of primary samples.